2000—2020年基于土地利用变化的生境质量时空动态演变——以武汉城市圈为例

土地利用变化直接扰动生境质量,导致国土空间生态结构-过程不稳定及其累积效应下的服务功能退化。为分析武汉城市圈生境质量的时空演变特征,探究其土地利用变化对生境质量的影响情况,运用InVEST模型的生境质量模块,以2000年、2010年、2020年3期土地利用数据为基础,探究了武汉城市圈土地利用变化所引起的生境质量时空演变特征。结果表明:(1)武汉城市圈土地利用变化主要表现为耕地减少和建设用地扩张,其中耕地净转出面积为1 470.92 km²,建设用地净转入面积为1 340.61 km²。(2)2000—2020年,武汉城市圈的生境质量变化幅度较小,87%的区域生境质量等级不变,主要处于“一般”和“优”2个级别,6%的区域生境质量等级升高,7%的区域生境质量等级下降,整体生境质量良好;(3)低等生境(差、一般)主要分布在城市的经济发展核心区域及周边地区,高等生境(良好、优)一般分布在武汉城市圈的东北部和东南部海拔较高的地区。(4)2000—2020年,耕地、未利用地转化为水域,建设用地转为耕地以及草地转为林地的转化率具有最大的积极影响,CI值分别为2.271 9,0.509 1,0.421 4,0.226 2。耕地转为水域以及林地转化为耕地和建设用地对生境质量的消极影响最大,CI值分别为-3.350 6,-1.490 9,-1.409 9。综上,建设用地快速扩张和人口增长使得生境质量加速退化。未来应通过土地利用布局优化促进生境局地环境系统保护与修复措施,提升系统应对变化环境的弹性适应能力。

Temporal and Spatial Dynamic Evolution of Habitat Quality Based on Land Use Change from 2000 to 2020

Land use change directly disturbs habitat quality, resulting in the instability of the land spatial ecological structure process and the degradation of its service function. In order to analyse the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of habitat quality in the Wuhan metropolitan region and explore the impact of land use change on habitat quality, based on the land use data of 2000, 2010 and 2018, this study uses the habitat quality module of the invest model to explore the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of habitat quality caused by land use change in Wuhan metropolitan area. The results show that:(1)The land use change in the Wuhan City circle is mainly manifested by the reduction of cultivated land and the expansion of construction land. The net transfer out area of cultivated land is 1 470.92 km². The net transfer in area of construction land is 1 340.61 km².(2)From 2000 to 2020, the habitat quality of the Wuhan urban circle changed slightly. 87% of the regional habitat quality levels remained unchanged, mainly staying in the ‘general' and ‘excellent' levels. The habitat quality grade increased in 6% of the regions. 7% of the regional habitat quality grade decreased, and the overall habitat quality was good.(3)Low habitat(poor, general)is mainly distributed in the core area of urban economic development and surrounding areas. Higher habitats(good and Excellent)are generally distributed in the northeast and southeast of the Wuhan City circle.(4)From 2000 to 2020, the conversion rates of cultivated land and unused land into water area, construction land into cultivated land and grassland into forest land had the greatest positive impact, with CI values of 2.271 9, 0.509 1, 0.421 4 and 0.226 2 respectively. The conversion of cultivated land to water area, forest land to cultivated land and construction land had the greatest negative impact on habitat quality, with CI values of -3.350 6, -1.490 9 and -1.409 9 respectively. The conversion of water area and forest land into construction land and unused land, and the conversion of cultivated land and grassland into construction land and unused land will bring negative effects. To sum up, the rapid expansion of construction land and population growth accelerated the degradation of habitat quality. In order to promote ecosystem protection and restoration through land use, we need to enhance the system's flexibility to adapt to changing environment.