三峡库区生态空间脆弱性时空演变特征

探讨生态空间脆弱性时空分异特征，有助于客观识别区域生态环境的敏感程度和自我恢复能力，并为国土空间规划提供依据。基于VSD模型构建三峡库区生态空间脆弱性分析框架，从空间暴露度、空间敏感性和空间适应力分析2005—2018年三峡库区生态空间脆弱性的时空分异特征及规律。结果表明：(1)三峡库区生态空间脆弱性的3个维度均具有显著的空间分布特征和时间演变规律。生态空间暴露度呈现以重庆的主城区(平均为0.355)和渝东北的万州区(0.416)为双核心向四周逐渐减弱的分布特征；由2005年的0.235 6持续增至2018年的0.269 1。生态空间敏感性呈现“东北高西南低”的分布特征，渝东北的巫溪县敏感性最强为0.691,渝西南的北碚区最低为0.296;由2005年的0.360 7持续增至2018年的0.437 4。生态空间适应力呈现“两端高，中间低”的分布特征，以重庆主城区(平均为0.634)和湖北夷陵区(0.613)为双核心向四周增强；由2005年的0.518 4减至2010年0.457 4后增至2018年的0.571。(2)三峡库区生态空间极度脆弱区主要分布在库区西南地区的重庆市主城区域(平均...

Temporal and Spatial Evolution Characteristics of Ecological Space Vulnerability in Three Gorges Reservoir Area

It is helpful to objectively identify the sensitivity and self-recovery ability of regional ecological environment to explore the spatiotemporal differentiation characteristics of ecological space vulnerability, and provide a basis for national spatial planning. Based on the VSD model, we constructed an ecological spatial vulnerability analysis framework in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, and analyzed the spatial and temporal characteristics and rules of ecological space vulnerability in the three Gorges Reservoir area from 2005 to 2018 from the perspectives of spatial exposure, spatial sensitivity and spatial adaptation. The results show that:(1)the three dimensions of ecological space vulnerability in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area had significant spatial distribution characteristics and time evolution law; the ecological spatial exposure in the main urban area of Chongqing(average 0.355)and Wanzhou District of northeast Chongqing(0.416)showed a double-core decreasing trend; it continued to increase from 0.235 6 in 2005 to 0.269 1 in 2018; the ecological spatial sensitivity of Wuxi County in northeast Chongqing was 0.691, while that of Beibei District was 0.296, increased from 0.360 7 in 2005 to 0.437 4 in 2018; the distribution of ecological spatial adaptation was high at both ends and low in the middle, with the main urban area of Chongqing(0.634 on average)and Yiling District of Hubei Province(0.613)as the double core; after decreasing from 0.518 4 in 2005 to 0.457 4 in 2010, it increased to 0.571 in 2018;(2)The extremely vulnerable ecological spatial regions of the Three Gorges Reservoir area mainly distributed in the southwest of the main urban area of Chongqing(average 0.735)and Wanzhou District of Chongqing(0.814), which showed an ‘inverted U' evolution law chronologically, increased from 0.336 2 in 2005 to 0.378 9 in 2015 and then decreased to 0.344 2 in 2018;(3)the temporal and spatial variation of ecological spatial vulnerability in the Three Gorges Reservoir area was a dynamic process, which was closely related to the intensity of human activities and natural conditions, and closely related to soil erosion intensity, slope, wastewater discharge, industrial structure and other natural environment and social and economic factors; meanwhile, the reservoir ecosystem had the strong self-repair ability.