山丘区输电线路工程水土流失特征及治理技术对比研究

山丘区输电线路工程对原地貌扰动造成大量水土流失，直接影响周围环境安全及资源安全。为研究山丘区输电线路工程水土流失特征及治理技术，通过资料收集整理与野外实地调查，对不同侵蚀类型区典型山丘区输电线路工程水土流失及其治理措施进行了分析。结果表明：(1)输电线路工程塔基和施工便道占地类型复杂，黄土丘陵区占地类型最多(5种),以耕地和草地为主，分别为49%和28%;红壤丘陵区以林地为主，占比为69%;黑土低山丘陵区占地主要为耕地、林地，分别为42%,40%;青藏高原占地主要为草地，占比达78%;新疆山地则主要是以裸地为主，占比高达98%。(2)输电线路工程不同水土流失地貌单元水土流失量差异显著，表现为塔基区和施工便道水土流失量较大，其次是牵张场，跨越施工场地水土流失量最小；塔基区土壤侵蚀模数表现为黄土丘陵区最大，是红壤丘陵区的2倍，黑土低山和漫岗丘陵区的5倍。塔基边坡的修复应该依靠自然与人工相结合方式，施工便道注意排水沟布设，牵张场土地恢复过程中应先进行深松翻处理。(3)对山丘区输电工程形成的各侵蚀单元进行近自然的生态系统恢复和重建，采取临时措施、工程措施和植物措施等组合。综上，研究结果可为山丘...

Comparative Study on Soil and Water Loss Characteristics and Control Technology of Transmission Line Engineering in Hilly Area

The transmission line project in the hilly area causes a lot of soil and water loss due to the disturbance of the original landform, which directly affects the surrounding environment and resource security. To study the characteristics and control techniques of soil and water loss in transmission line engineering in a hilly area, the soil and water loss in transmission line engineering in a typical hilly area with different erosion types and the control measures of soil and water loss were analyzed through data collection and field investigation. The results show that:(1)the construction tower and construction walkway cover a complex land area; the loess hilly region has the most 5 types of land area, cultivated land and grassland are the main types, accounting for 49% and 28%, respectively; in the hilly area of red soil, the woodland is the main area, accounting for 69%; the impact of land cover in the hilly area of black soil is mainly cultivated land and woodland, which is 42% and 40%, respectively; the area of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is mainly affected by grassland, accounting for 78%; the mountainous area of Xinjiang is mainly bare land, accounting for 98%;(2)there are significant differences in soil and water losses in different geomorphic units of transmission line engineering; the soil and water losses in the tower area and the construction path are larger, followed by the stretch field, and the soil and water loss across the construction site is the least; the soil erosion modulus of the loess hilly area is twice that of the red soil hilly area, and five times that of the black soil low mountain and overlying hilly area; the restoration method of the tower slope should rely on the combination of natural and artificial restoration methods, attention should be paid to the drainage ditch layout of the construction road, and deep loosening and turning treatment in the process of restoration of the stretch field land should be carried out;(3)in the restoration process of erosion units formed by power transmission projects in hilly areas, related theories of restoration ecology are introduced to carry out near-natural ecosystem restoration and reconstruction for each erosion unit formed by disturbed landform; according to the characteristics of soil and water loss in each erosion unit, the combination of temporary measures, engineering measures, and plant measures is adopted. These results can provide a scientific basis for soil erosion prevention and treatment of transmission lines in hilly areas.