干旱内陆河流域土地利用转型的生态环境效应变化特征及其驱动因素探测

为探讨土地利用转型对生态环境质量的影响并明确相关驱动因素作用机理，以黑河流域中游这一典型干旱内陆河为研究对象，利用生态环境质量指数、标准差椭圆模型和地理探测器工具，在对研究区2000—2020年土地利用转型生态环境效应数量变化、空间分布及方向特征进行多维测定基础上，对影响生态质量空间分异的驱动因素及其交互作用机制进行了识别与分析。结果表明：(1) 2000—2020年，研究区土地利用转型频发，林地、灌木和人造地表大幅增加，草地、裸地和湿地减少，“南草北裸”的空间分布特征未发生扭转，草地和裸地是流域其他地类最为重要的转型补给源；(2)黑河流域中游生态环境质量整体处于较低水平但向好发展，“北低南高”的空间分布格局显著，其生态环境质量呈“正西北—正东南”朝向的变化趋势特征；(3)人为活动及高程、植被覆盖和坡度是黑河流域生态环境质量空间分异的主要驱动因子，自然、社会和经济诸因素激烈的交互与协同作用，共同导致流域生态环境质量的空间分异。综上，黑河流域中游生态环境质量趋好，但需严控人为活动，保障流域土地利用与生态安全持续稳定。

Recognition on the Changes and Driving Factors of Eco-environmental Effect of Land Use Transformation in Arid Inland River Basin

In order to explore the impact of land use transformation on eco-environmental quality and to clarify the mechanism of relevant driving factors, taking the middle reaches of Heihe River Basin, a typical arid inland river basin, as the research object, with the help of eco-environmental quality index, standard devotional ellipse model and the Geo-detector tools, we successively measured the quantitative change, the spatial distribution as well as the directional characteristics of eco-environmental effects of land use transformation from 2000 to 2020 of the study area, and based on that, the driving factors that may affect the spatial differentiation of the eco-environmental quality and their interaction mechanism were further identified and analyzed. The results showed that:(1)land use transformation occurred frequently in the middle reaches of Heihe River Basin from 2000 to 2020, with a conspicuous increase in forest land, shrub land and man-made surface, and a decrease in the area of grassland, bare land, as well as the wetland; however, the spatial distribution characteristics of ‘grassland in the south and bare land in the north' had not been reversed; grassland and bare land were the most important transformation supply sources for the other land types in the basin;(2)the eco-environmental quality in the middle reaches of Heihe River Basin was still at a low level as a whole, but the development showed a positive trend in the same time; the spatial distribution pattern of ‘low in the north and high in the south' was prominent; in the past 20 years, the eco-environmental quality of the basin had changed dramatically, and the change range had expanded, which presented an overall change trend from due northwest direction to due southeast direction;(3)the results of geographical detector indicated that human activities, elevation, vegetation cover as well as the slope factors were the main driving factors for the spatial differentiation of eco-environmental quality in Heihe River Basin; in addition, the fierce interaction and synergy among natural, social and economic factors jointly led to the spatial differentiation effect of eco-environmental quality in the study area. In conclusion, the eco-environmental quality in the middle reaches of Heihe River Basin tended to be good, but human activities should be strictly controlled to ensure the sustainable and stable land use and ecological security of this basin.