耕地利用功能转型的空间尺度特征及驱动机制——对四川省嘉陵江流域的考察

经济高质量发展背景下把握耕地利用(功能)形态旨在为深化耕地多功能管理与可持续利用提供依据。从结构分析视角出发,运用数理量化综合分析法分析了2011—2018年四川省嘉陵江流域耕地利用功能转型空间尺度特征,并探究其驱动机制。结果表明:(1)嘉陵江流域耕地利用功能实现了社会生态型转向经济社会型,正迈向经济生态型;(2)3大市域流域耕地利用功能表现为广元流域基本实现社会生态型转为经济社会型、南充流域逐步从经济社会型转向经济生态型、广安流域由社会生态型转向经济社会型;(3)16个县(市)区耕地利用功能大致呈现西北、东北和东南地区为社会生态型向经济社会型过渡,西南地区为经济社会型和经济社会型向生态经济型过渡两种形态;(4)嘉陵江流域不同空间尺度耕地利用结构均在优化,耕地利用功能具有空间尺度效应,且正向更为协调的功能转变;(5)嘉陵江流域耕地利用功能驱动机制表现为城镇化进程加速耕地市场价值显化,加之农业比较效益下降,诱导农业生产结构发生替代,引致耕地利用结构变化,驱动耕地利用功能形态转变,且城镇化发展是持续驱动力,农业收益是重要因素。综上,提出立足耕地资源本底以加大耕地规划管制力度、协调主体利益矛盾以建构耕地多功能协调机制、深化农业产业体系以保障耕地高质高效利用、强化耕地生态建设以促进耕地可持续性利用的对策建议。

Spatial Scale Characteristics and Driving Mechanism of Functional Transformation of Cultivated land Use

Under the background of high quality economic development, the purpose of grasping the form of cultivated land use(function)is to provide the basis for deepening the multifunctional management and sustainable use of cultivated land. From the perspective of structure analysis, we analyzed the spatial scale characteristics of cultivated land use function transformation in Jialing River Basin of Sichuan Province from 2011 to 2018 by mathematical quantitative comprehensive analysis method, and explored its driving mechanism. The results show that:(1)the cultivated land use function in Jialing River Basin had realized the transformation from social ecological type to economic social type, and was moving towards economic ecological type;(2)the cultivated land use function in the three major river basins showed that Guangyuan River Basin basically had realized the transformation from social ecological type to economic social type, Nanchong River Basin gradually had realized the transformation from economic social type to economic ecological type, and Guangan River Basin had realized from social ecological type to economic social type;(3)in the 16 counties(cities), the cultivated land use function generally showed the transformation from social ecological type to economic social type in northwest, northeast and southeast regions, and southwest regions had two forms that were economic social type and transition from economic social type to ecological economic type;(4)the structure of cultivated land use was optimized at different spatial scales in the Jialing River Basin, and the cultivated land use function had a spatial scale effect and was changing to a more coordinated function;(5)the driving mechanism of cultivated land use function in the Jialing River Basin was that the urbanization process accelerated the manifestation of cultivated land market value, coupled with the decline of agricultural comparative benefits, induced the substitution of agricultural production structure, led to the change of cultivated land use structure, and drove the transformation of cultivated land use function form, and the urbanization development was the continuous driving force, agricultural income was an important factor. To sum up, suggestions were put forward, including strengthen cultivated land planning and control based on the background of cultivated land resources, coordinate the interests of the main body to construct the multi-functional coordination mechanism of cultivated land, deepen the agricultural industrial system to ensure the high-quality and efficient use of cultivated land, and strengthen the ecological construction of cultivated land to promote the sustainable use of cultivated land.