中国USLE/RUSLE因子研究

USLE/RUSLE是土壤侵蚀监测与预报的核心工具，方程中各因子赋值的合理性决定了方程应用结果的准确度。然而，由于我国地形条件的复杂性等原因，方程在我国范围内的应用受到限制。因此，为明晰土壤流失方程各因子计算中需把握的关键因素，以及当前我国研究中存在的主要问题，采用文献综合对比研究的方法，通过CNKI中国学术期刊全文数据库和Web of Science数据库，搜集了土壤流失方程因子相关文献共373篇。文献综合分析结果表明：各因子的研究普遍存在缺乏估算公式选用和估算结果的精度检验，坡长坡度因子存在公式误用的情况，作物覆盖与管理因子、水土保持措施因子缺少系统性定量计算的方法，土壤可蚀性因子计算的背景条件差异大，难以进行横向比较。为此，提出两条提高模型使用精度的建议，一是通过建设标准化的地面监测系统，系统观测和建立土壤侵蚀因子定量方法，二是明确此类模型应用边界，在较为适合的环境应用。

Review of Studies on Factors of USLE/RUSLE in China

USLE/RUSLE is the central tool for soil erosion monitoring and forecasting. The accurate calculation of each factor value in the equation determines the accuracy of the equation application. Given that China's topographical conditions is of great difficulty, the application of equations in China has been limited. To analyze the key factors that shall be grasped in the calculation of each factor of the soil loss equation, as well as the main problems existing in the current research, we adopted the method of comprehensive comparison of literature and collected 373 related literatures through CNKI China Academic Journal Full-text Database and Web of Science. The comprehensive analysis results of the literatures show that the researches for each factor generally lack the selection of estimation formulas and the accuracy test of the estimation results, the formulas for slope length and slope factors have been misused, and the measures for crop coverage and management factors and soil and water conservation lack systematic quantitative calculations. The background conditions for calculating soil erodibility factors are very different, and it is difficult to make a horizontal comparison. To this end, two pieces of suggestions are put forward to improve the accuracy of the model. One is to establish a standardized ground monitoring system to systematically observe and establish a quantitative method for soil erosion factors. The other is to clarify the application boundary of this type of model and apply it in a more suitable environment.