基于GIS的宁夏生态环境敏感性综合评价

生态环境问题是制约区域发展的主要因素,区域生态环境敏感性评价对制定区域环境政策、有效进行区域生态建设具有重要作用。基于宁夏主要生态敏感问题,选取土壤侵蚀、土地沙漠化、土壤盐渍化作为评价因子,运用GIS技术在单因子评价的基础上,采用多因子综合评价模型对研究区生态环境敏感性进行综合分析。结果表明:宁夏生态环境敏感性分不敏感、轻度敏感、中度敏感、高度敏感4个等级,不敏感区主要分布在森林生态系统类型区;轻度敏感区主要分布在宁夏南部黄土丘陵区、盐池南部低山丘陵台地区以及北部引黄灌区;中度敏感区主要分布在宁夏中部干旱带生态环境脆弱区以及贺兰山山前洪积平原区;高度敏感区主要分布在陶乐东部边缘区、中卫北部边缘区以及盐池的土地沙化严重地区。研究进一步明确了宁夏生态环境敏感性的空间分布特征,为宁夏生态环境保护和区域社会经济发展政策的制定提供理论依据,对区域可持续发展具有重要意义。

Comprehensive Evaluation on Eco-environment Sensibility of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Based on GIS

Eco-environmental problems are the main constraint factors for regional development.Regional eco-environment sensibility evaluation is important for making environmental policy and ecological construction.Based on main eco-environmental problems of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,soil erosion,desertification of land and soil salinization were taken as the assessment factors of eco-environment sensibility in this study.GIS technology was used for the single—factor evaluation.And on the basis,overall merit of ecological environment sensibility of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region was gotten.The results showed that: there were four grades of eco-environment sensibility of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,namely insensitive,slight sensitive,moderate—sensitive and highly sensitive.Insensitive area distributed in the region of forest ecosystem,slight sensitive area distributed in loess hilly area of south Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,low Mountain land,hills,plateaus of Yanchi and irrigation districts along the Yellow River.Moderate—sensitive area distributed in the ecological frangible zone of Ningxia Middle Arid Area and the floodplains of Helan Mountain.Highly sensitive area distributed in the fringe area of the east of Taole,the fringe area of the north of Zhongwei and serious soil desertification of Yanchi.This paper further clarified the space distribution of eco-environment sensibility of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,and provided the theoretic basis for policy making of environmental protection and economic development in different regions which might be of significance for regional sustainable development.