松嫩高平原黑土区典型地域耕地生态安全评价及驱动力分析——以黑龙江省绥化市为例

对一定区域的耕地生态安全进行评价,分析影响耕地生态安全的因素,有利于指导区域耕地合理、可持续利用。以我国重要的商品粮生产基地松嫩高平原黑土区典型地域——黑龙江省绥化市为研究区,基于"P—S—R"模型建立耕地生态安全评价指标体系,运用多因素综合评价法,评价2001—2009年绥化市耕地生态安全状况,并借助SPSS软件提取影响研究区耕地生态安全的敏感因素。结果表明:2001年绥化市耕地生态安全处于恶劣等级;2002—2004年绥化市生态安全等级为风险级;2005—2009年生态安全处于敏感等级,生态环境虽然受到一定破坏,但可以维持基本功能。自然灾害频发,水土流失严重以及人地矛盾的日益突出,是导致绥化市生态安全问题突出的主要原因。社会经济压力、农业科技进步和生态环境是影响耕地生态安全的三类因素。

Evaluation on Cultivated Land Ecological Security and Analysis on the Driving Forces of the Typical Mollisols Area in Songnen High Plain——A Case Study of Suihua City in Heilongjiang Province

Evaluation on cultivated land ecological security of a certain area and identifying factors that affecting the cultivated land ecological security can be helpful to guide the rational and sustainable use of land resources.This paper takes the typical mollisols region that is an important commodity grain production base in China— Suihua City on Songnen High Plain in Heilongjiang Province as the study region,evaluation index system of cultivated land ecological security based on ’P—S—R’ model was established,evaluation on cultivated land ecological security from 2001 to 2009 was performed by using the multiple factors analysis method,and the principal component analysis method was carried to find out the driving forces on cultivated land ecological security by using SPSS software.The results showed that the grade of security cultivated land ecological security was at the poor ecological level in 2001;the grade of cultivated land ecological security had risen to risk level from 2002 to 2004;from 2005 to 2009,the grade of cultivated land ecological security was at a sensitive stage.Natural disasters,serious soil erosion and the contradiction between people and land resources resulted in the ecological security problems in Suihua City.The paper showed that the socio-economic pressures,agricultural science and technology and environmental were the three factors affecting the cultivated land ecological security.