叶尔羌河流域土壤盐分特征研究——以喀什地区叶城县为例

土壤盐渍化问题是干旱区可持续发展和改善环境质量的战略问题之一。分析土壤盐分特征,对治理土壤盐渍化和农业可持续发展至关重要。采用统计分析法与主成分分析法研究了喀什地区叶城县土壤盐分的变化规律。结果表明,土壤盐渍化类型以硫酸盐渍土为主;盐分组成中,阳离子以K+和Na+为主,阴离子以SO42-离子为主;表层的总盐、各盐分离子含量均高于其余土层,即土壤盐分剖面垂直分布呈现表聚性;8月份土壤剖面各土层含盐量均高于2月份;主成分分析结果表明,SO42-,K+,Na+为研究区土壤盐渍化状况的特征因子。不同土地利用类型条件下,耕层土壤盐分平均值从高到低依次为旱地、盐渍地、耕地、核桃林、大棚。

Study on Characteristics of Soil Salinity in Zarapxan River Basin——A Case Study of Yecheng County of Kashar in Xinjiang

Soil salinization is a main problem limiting the sustainable development and quality of environment in arid area.The characteristics of saline soil on Yecheng County,Kashghar Prefecture,was analyzed by the methods of statistical and principle component analysis.Results showed that the main soil salinity type was sulphate saline soil;among the components of soil salinity,cations were mainly K+ and Na+,while anions were dominated by SO2-4;the amounts of total salt content and different ions were higher on surface soil than other soil layers which indicated salt mainly concentrated on surface of soil.In August,the total contents of salt in each soil layer were higher than that in February.Principal component analysis showed that SO2-4,K+,Na+ ions were Eigen factors of soil salinization in study area.The abundance of salinity of the root zone soil layer for different land use types was in the following order: glebe field>salinity soil>cultivated land>forest land>green house.