1990年以来武汉城市圈土地利用变化时空特征研究

武汉城市圈是全国首批资源节约与环境友好型社会建设综合配套改革试验区之一,也是长江经济带发展战略和中部崛起战略的重点区域。科学认识武汉城市圈土地利用变化时空格局的历史特征,对区域土地利用政策的制定和实施具有重要的意义。对已有的土地利用分类编码方式进行改进,结合土地利用动态度模型,对武汉城市圈1990年、1995年、2000年和2005年4期土地利用数据进行分析,形成对武汉城市圈1990年以来土地利用变化的基本规律、阶段性趋势和空间差异的科学认识。结果表明:1990年以来,武汉城市圈耕地、林地和草地大面积减少,水域和建设用地面积有较大幅度的增加。在不同的发展阶段,武汉城市圈土地利用变化呈现出不同的规律:1990—1995年武汉城市圈的土地利用变化以耕地减少为主要特征;1995—2000年武汉城市圈土地利用变化以耕地和水域的相互转换为主要特征;2000—2005年武汉城市圈土地利用变化以耕地向水域和建设用地转换为主要特征。武汉城市圈土地利用变化表现出明显的空间差异性:土地利用动态度最大的区域集中在武汉市及其周边县域;从单一土地利用类型看,耕地、林地、建设用地动态度最大的区域也主要集中在武汉市及其周边县域,而水域动态度最大的区域集中在仙桃市和潜江市。

Study on Spatial-Temporal Characteristics of Land Use Change in Wuhan Metropolitan Area Since 1990

Wuhan Metropolitan Area is one of the earliest resource-saving and environment-friendly society comprehensive experimental areas,it also the most important area of Yangtze River Economic Belt and the Central China Development Strategy.Understanding scientifically of land use change pattern of Wuhan Metropolitan Area during past decades is of greate significance for regional land use policy formulation and implementation.In this paper,traditional land use classes coding system is improved to adapt our research.By combining the improved coding system and land use dynamic degree model,we analysis land use data of 1990,1995,2000 and 2005 of Wuhan Metropolitan Area to recognize general pattern,trends in phases and regional heterogeneity of Wuhan Metropolitan Area since 1990.Results show that:(1) In Wuhan Metropolitan Area,area of cropland,forest and grassland decreased greatly,while water body and build up area increased during 1990 to 2005.Most decreased cropland was transformed to water body and build up area.(2) In different phases,it shows different land use change pattern in Wuhan Metropolitan Area: during 1990 to 1995,decreasing of cropland was the major characteristics;during 1995 to 2000,interconversion of cropland and water body was the main characteristics;during 2000 to 2005,cropland transformed to water body and build up area was the main characteristics.(3) Spatial heterogeneity of land use change in Wuhan Metropolitan Area is apparent: regions with large land use dynamic degree are centered on Wuhan City and counties beside it;as far as the land use dynamic degree for single land use class is concerned,regions with large cropland dynamic degree,forest dynamic degree and build up dynamic degree are centered on Wuhan City and counties beside it,while regions with large water body dynamic degree are centered on Xiantao City and Qianjiang City.