珠穆朗玛峰自然保护区地层地貌与植被覆盖变化关系的研究

根据2000—2009年MODIS NDVI/EVIMOD13Q1数据、2004—2007年TM、ETM数据、SRTM 90m分辨率高程数据和国家1∶250万地质图,通过对图像的处理和解译,生成珠穆朗玛峰自然保护区的地质图、植被图、高程图、NDVI—Max变化状况图以及坡度图。在分析了各图间空间分布关系之后得出,珠穆朗玛峰自然保护区内出露最多的岩层为中—上元古界地层和第四系地层,其中在2000—2009年间,中—上元古界地层之上的植被覆盖变化情况要好于第四系地层之上的植被。其原因主要是因为中—上元古界地层主要位于珠峰南坡,该区域地形相对复杂,海拔落差较大,平均坡度也较大;第四系地层主要位于珠峰北坡,这一区域海拔高度较为稳定,地势相对平缓,坡度较小。虽然珠峰南坡的气候条件优于北坡,但地质地貌的因素造成北坡的环境更适合人类居住。因此造成了这两种地层上植被覆盖变化的不同。

A Research into the Relationship between Vegetation Changes and Stratum of the Mt.Qomolangma National Nature Reserve

According to the MODIS NDVI data from 2000 to 2009,TM,ETM data from 2000 to 2007,SRTM DEM data and Geological map in this study area,the maps of stratum,vegetation cover,DEM,change of NDVI-Max and slope were generated by interpretation and processing.We can draw a conclusion after analyzing the relationship each map that the major stratum in this nature reserve is the Middle—Upper Proterozoic and Quaternary.The vegetation cover on Middle—Upper Proterozoic showed a better trend than that is on Quaternary from 2000 to 2009.Most of the Middle—Upper Proterozoic is on the southern slope of the reserve,which has the more complex topography,wider range of elevation,and steeper slope.Compared with the Middle—Upper Proterozoic,the Quaternary is on the northern slope,which has the opposite kind of topography,elevation and slope to the southern slope.Due to the topography condition,although the southern slope has the better climate condition,the northern slope is more suitable to survive for human beings.