伊犁河谷不同土地利用方式下土壤粒度特征

为更有效地指导伊犁河谷水土环境的可持续发展,对河谷地区不同土地利用方式下的土壤进行采样,共获得14个剖面98个土壤样品。利用EASY SIZER20测定样品粒度,依据福克—沃德公式计算中值、平均粒径、标准偏差、峰度、偏度,采用Excel,SPSS 19.0等统计软件进行作图和统计分析。结果表明:(1)不同土地利用方式下土壤粒级百分含量虽有不同,但都是以粉粒(2~50μm)、砂粒(50~2 000μm)为主。其中耕地的粉粒、砂粒百分含量均高于荒地,林地、草地的黏粒(2μm)百分含量相当。(2)不同土地利用方式下土壤粒级的变异系数表现出显著性差异。耕地中粉粒、砂粒含量的变异系数普遍大于荒地,黏粒含量的变异系数则相反。(3)不同土地利用方式下土壤粒度特征不同,耕地的平均粒径明显大于草地、荒地、林地,荒地的分选性明显优于耕地、园地。

Characteristics of Soil Grain Size in Different Land Use Patterns in the Yili River Valley

Ninety-eight soil samples were obtained from 14 soil profiles in different land use patterns in Xinjiang Yili River Valley area in order to guide the sustainable development of water and soil environment.Grain sizes of sample were determined by the EASY SIZER20.Fokker ward formula was used to calculate the median,the average particle size,standard deviation,kurtosis and skewness.The data were analyzed and mapped by using Excel and SPSS 19.0 statistical software.The results show that:(1) soil particle grade percentages of different land use patterns are different,but silt (2～50μm) and sand (50～2 000 μm) are the dominant particles.Contents of silt and sand in cultivated land are higher than those in wasteland,contnet of clay (＜2 μm) in the woodland is generally larger than that in the grassland;(2) coefficients of variation of soil particle sizes of different land use patterns are significantly different,the coefficients of variation of silt and sand contents in cultivated land are greater than those in wasteland,the coefficient of variation of clay content is opposite;(3) soil grain size characteristics of different land use patterns are different,the average particle size of cultivated land is significantly larger than that of grassland,wasteland and woodland.The sorting of wasteland is obviously better than that of the cultivated land and garden land.