基于“省公顷”生态足迹的宁夏中部干旱带承载力研究

人口承载力是区域可持续发展的重要因素。选取宁夏中部干旱带盐池县、红寺堡区、同心县、海原县为研究区,运用"省公顷"生态足迹模型测算研究区各县(区)的人口承载力,即在生态承载标准下研究区所能容纳的人口数量。研究表明:盐池县处于生态盈余状态,有4.1万生态人口承载空间。红寺堡区、同心县、海原县均处于不同程度的生态超载状态。其中海原县生态超载最严重,超载人口达5.1万人,同心县次之,超载人口3.84万人,红寺堡区的生态超载最小,超载人口仅2.12万。从生态人口承载力来看,在该区域人口数量保持不变的情况下,影响研究区域生态人口承载力的因素主要为人均的消费水平和耕地的生产能力,在当前的科学技术水平下,耕地的生产能力主要受水资源的限制。因此,在水资源有限的条件下,要缓解该区域的生态压力,只能从改进生产技术,减少区域人口数量方面进行。

Study on Carrying Capacity of Arid Zone in Central Ningxia Based on the Sub-National Hectare Ecological Footprint

Population carrying capacity is an important factor of regional sustainable development.Yanchi,Hongsibu,Tongxin and Haiyuan County in central Ningxia were selected as research area.We used the ecological footprint model of sub-national hectare to measure population carrying capacity of the various counties (districts) in the study area.Result shows that Yanchi County in the ecological surplus state,has the population of 41 000 ecological carrying space.Hongsibu area,Tongxin and Haiyuan County are in different degrees of ecological overload condition.Haiyuan County has the worst ecological overload,overload population is 51 000,overload population of Tongxin County is about 38 400,Hongsibu area is the minimum ecological overload,overload population is only 21 200.From the point of ecological population carrying capacity,if the population is unchanged in the area,the factors that influence the regional ecological popula tion capacity are the per capita consumption level and production capacity of cultivated land,under the current level of science and technology,the production capacity of cultivated land is mainly restricted by water resources.Therefore,under the condition of limited water resources,improving production technology and reducing population of the area can alleviate the pressure of the ecology of the region.