黄土区大型露天矿排土场水力侵蚀计算与防治

以黄土区安太堡露天矿未复垦排土场为对象,研究未复垦排土场平台水力侵蚀(沟蚀)状况,通过实地外业采样和内业数据处理,结合数据统计分析平台,计算出了研究区内的沟蚀量分布情况,并分析了平台汇水面、土壤容重、坡度与沟蚀模数的关系,估算研究区水力侵蚀造成的直接经济损失,提出排土场平台复垦和水土流失防治措施。结果表明:(1)研究区水力侵蚀严重,总体沟蚀模数相当于自然地貌土壤侵蚀模数的6.8倍,其中平台汇水面对沟蚀模数的影响巨大;(2)排土场平台表层土壤压实,40cm以内土层压实最为严重,深层土壤土质较疏松;(3)排土场平台坡度和坡长在一定程度上可以反映出土壤侵蚀的高低,在水土流失防治措施中应予考虑。在平台复垦和土壤侵蚀防治中应采用减少平台汇水面积、增大地表水入渗能力和提高植被覆盖度的措施为主,本研究成果可为排土场复垦和水土流失防治提供参考。

Hydraulic Erosion Calculation and Control in Dumping Site of Large Opencast Coal Mine in Loess Area

This paper describes the hydraulic erosion of the dumping site without reclamation that estimates the soil erosion amount on the spatial distribution of catchment area,soil bulk density,slope,and slope length for Antaibao opencast coal mine in loess area.Through on-the-spot sampling and data analysis based on statistical analysis platform,the gully erosion amount was calculated,and the relationship between soil erosion modulus with platform catchment area,soil bulk density,slope,and slope length were analyzed.The direct economic losses caused by water erosion in the study area was estimated,and prevention and control measures of dumping site reclamation and soil erosion were proposed.Some conclusions can be found as follows.(1)The hydraulic erosion is serious,and the total erosion modulus in study area is 6.8 times of natural area.(2) Dumping site platform surface soil is compacted and soil compaction within 40 cm is most serious,the deeper soil is relatively loose.(3) To a certain extent,dumping site platform slope and slope length can reflect the soil erosion degree which should be considered in the prevention and control measures of water loss and soil erosion.The results show that measures for reducing catchment area of platform,increasing the vegetation coverage and surface water infiltration capacity should be adopted with respect to dumping site reclamation and soil erosion prevention.