中国北方风蚀水蚀侵蚀动力时空分布特征

以中国北方15省为研究对象,收集了研究区内长时间序列气象数据349站,计算了降雨侵蚀力和风蚀气候因子指数,采用半方差函数和基尼系数等指标,系统分析了风蚀动力和水蚀动力的时空分布格局。结果表明:(1)中国北方降雨侵蚀力平均值为1 652.90MJ·mm/(hm~2·h·a),风蚀气候因子指数平均值为70.12,降雨侵蚀力在空间分布上呈中等程度变异,而风蚀气候因子指数为强变异。(2)降雨侵蚀力具有强烈的空间相关性,而风蚀气候因子指数具有中等的空间相关性。风蚀气候因子指数总体表现北方高南方低,中部高,东西较低,而降雨侵蚀力的空间分布从东南向西北呈递减趋势。(3)风蚀气候因子指数和降雨侵蚀力具有明显的非同步性,风蚀气候因子指数的年内分布较为均匀,而降雨侵蚀力的年内分布极不均匀。研究结果可为我国北方风蚀水蚀综合治理提供一定参考。

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Water-Wind Erosion Dynamics Over Northern China

15 provinces in northern China were taken as the research samples,first of all,349 stations of the meteorological data of long time series in the study area were collected,then the rainfall erosivity and wind erosion climatic erosivity were calculated,meanwhile,a systematic analysis of the temporal and spatial distribution pattern of wind and water erosion dynamics were carried out by the semivariogram and Gini coefficient as well as other indexes.The results showed that:(1) the average value of the rainfall erosivity in North China was 1 652.90 MJ · mm/(hm2 · h · a) and the wind erosion climatic erosivity average reached 70.12;the rainfall erosivity distribution in space had a moderate variability,while wind erosion climatic erosivity presented a strong variation;(2) a strong spatial correlation appeared in the rainfall erosivity,while a moderate spatial correlation was found in the wind erosion climatic erosivity;the latter showed the overall performance where high in the north and the central,low in other region,while the spatial distribution of rainfall erosivity from the southeast to the northwest showed a decreasing trend;(3) the wind erosion climatic erosivity and the rainfall erosivity were obviously non synchronous.The distribution of the former was more uniform while extremely uneven for the latter.The research results could provide some references for the comprehensive management of the wind-water erosion crisscross region in North China.