基于加权Voronoi图扩展断裂点的农村居民点布局优化

为探寻农村居民点布局优化的最佳方法,以三江平原腹地大榆树镇为研究区,构建农村居民点结节性指数评价体系,基于最邻近指数及变异系数确定居民点斑块的等级类型,通过加权Voronoi图扩展断裂点模型、空间点格局及两步移动算法,确定研究区农村居民点布局调整的最优方案。结果表明:(1)结节性指数大的居民点斑块主要分布于镇中心及交通干线附近,区位优势显著,且基础设施齐全,农机化水平高;结节性指数小的居民点位置较为偏远,且布局散乱。(2)中心村、基层村、迁移村和零星村的居民点数量分别为13,20,22,13,基于此提出了重点拓展、控制发展、迁移合并和重点整治4种布局优化策略。(3)通过加权Voronoi图扩展断裂点模型及两步移动算法确定了部分农村居民点的迁并方向,制定了大榆树镇农村居民点空间布局调整的最优方案。为三江平原地区农村居民点布局调整及农业生产提供理论依据。

Layout Optimization of Rural Settlements Based on the Extended Break-Point Model of Weighted Voronoi diagram

The purpose of this study is to explore optimal adjustment method of rural settlement layout in Dayushu Town of the Hinterland of Sanjiang Plain.The evaluation indicator system of nodular index for rural settlement patches is built,and then the nearest neighbor index and variation coefficient are employed to determine the rank type of rural residential patches.Using methods of extended break-point model of weighted Voronoi diagram,spatial point pattern and the two-step floating catchment area method,this pape analyzed layout optimization scheme of rural residential patches.The results indicate that:(1) the patches which have a bigger nodule index mainly distribute around the town center and traffic trunk lines with significant location advantage,perfect infrastructure and higher agricultural mechanization level.Meanwhile,the patches of the smaller nodule index distribute remotely and present scatter distribution;(2) the patches number for central village,basic village,migration village and scattered village are 13,20,22 and 13,respectively;four kinds of layout optimization strategies including priority development,restrictive development,combined migration and stressed harness are put forward;(3) according to the weighted Voronoi diagram and the two-step floating catchment area method,the directions of some rural settlement migrations are determined;an optimal scheme to spatial distribution adjustment for rural residential patches in Dayushu town is formulated.The research results can provide theoretical bases for the layout adjustment of rural settlements and agricultural production in Sanjiang Plain.