雄安新区生态支撑区水土保持功能时空格局及人为驱动因素分析

水土保持功能是生态系统重要功能之一,关系着区域生态安全和水环境质量。利用通用水土流失方程(RUSLE)对雄安新区生态支撑区2000—2018年水土保持功能进行评测,分析了该区水土保持功能时空格局与主要人为驱动因素。结果表明:(1)研究区水土保持功能多年均值呈西高东低的空间分布格局。西部太行山区多年均值为191.10 t/(hm²·a),中部丘陵为119.25 t/(hm²·a),东部平原为30.25 t/(hm²·a)。(2)2000—2018年,研究区水土保持量年均值整体呈显著增加趋势,年际间变化较大,介于39.78～135.62 t/(hm²·a); 像元尺度上,水土保持功能呈增强趋势区域占比为63.89%,通过显著性检验的为28.75%; 呈退化趋势区域占比为36.11%,通过显著性检验的为8.2%。(3)水土保持功能变化的人为驱动因素主要包括生态建设活动、农业生产活动和建设用地扩张以及采矿业扰动生态系统稳定性等。该研究为雄安新区生态支撑区的生态保护和修复工作提供科学依据。

Spatiotemporal Pattern of Soil and Water Conservation Functions and Human Driving Forces in the Ecological Supporting Area of Xiong′an

Soil and water conservation is one of the important functions of the ecosystem,which is related to the regional ecological security and water environment quality.Based on the Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE),the soil and water conservation function of the ecological supporting area in Xiong′an from 2000 to 2018 was evaluated,then the function pattern and its human driving forces were analyzed.The results show that:(1)the soil and water conservation function presented a spatial pattern with the high level in the west and low level in the east,with a multi-year average value of 191.10 t/(hm²·a)in the Taihang Mountains,119.25 t/(hm²·a)in the central hills,and 30.25 t/(hm²·a)in the eastern plain;(2)from 2000 to 2018,the function of soil and water conservation showed an increasing trend in the study area,and varied from 39.78 t/(hm²·a)to 135.62 t/(hm²·a);on the pixel scale,the area with the enhanced soil and water conservation function accounted for 63.89%of the study area,of which 28.75%passed the significance test;while the area with a degraded tendency accounted for 36.11%,of which 8.2%passed the significant test;(3)based on the analysis of typical soil and water conservation function areas in the Xiong′an New District,it was found that the human driving forces of the variety function of soil and water conservation mainly included the ecological construction,agricultural production,construction land expansion,and mining industry disturbing ecosystem stability.This study can offer the scientific basis for determining ecological protection and restoration priorities and improving the ecological environment quality in the ecological supporting area of the Xiong′an New District.