北京山区典型植被枯落物和土壤层水文功能

目的]研究枯落物和土壤层水文功能，从而明晰北京山区不同植被的水源涵养能力，可为当地植被建设提供借鉴。方法]使用室内浸泡法、环刀法、定水头法等对北京山区不同植被的枯落物与土壤层水文功能进行了定量分析，并通过相关性分析明确了有机碳与土壤层水文功能之间的关系。结果](1)枯落物最大持水率、最大拦蓄率、有效拦蓄率为侧柏(Platycladus orientalis)×灌木混交林>五角枫(Acer elegantulum)纯林>五角枫×侧柏混交林>侧柏纯林。最大持水量、最大拦蓄量、有效拦蓄量均为五角枫纯林>侧柏×灌木混交林>五角枫×侧柏混交林>侧柏纯林，且均为半分解层大于未分解层。(2)土壤饱和持水量和毛管持水量排序为侧柏纯林>五角枫纯林>侧柏×灌木混交林>五角枫×侧柏混交林。土壤非毛管持水量大小排序为五角枫×侧柏混交林>五角枫纯林>侧柏×灌木混交林>侧柏纯林。土壤饱和导水率沿剖面向下逐渐减小，平均饱和导水率最大的植被类型为侧柏×灌木混交林。(3)土壤有机碳含量表现为沿剖面向下逐渐减小，且土壤有机碳含量与容重、总孔隙度...

Hydrological Function of Litter and Soil Layer of Typical Vegetation in Beijing Mountainous Area

Objective] The water conservation capacity of different vegetation in Beijing mountainous area can be clarified through studying the hydrological function of litter and soil layer, which can provide reference for local vegetation construction. Methods] The hydrological functions of litters and soil layers of different vegetation types in the Mountains of Beijing were quantitatively analyzed by the methods of indoor immersion, circumferential knife cutting and water head fixing. The relationship between organic carbon and hydrological function of soil layer was clarified by correlation analysis. Results](1)The maximum water holding rate, maximum retention rate and effective retention rate of litter decreased in the order: the mixed forest of Platycladus orientalis×shrub>the pure forest of Acer elegantulum>the mixed forest of Acer elegantulum×Platycladus orientalis>the pure forest of Platycladus orientalis. The maximum water holding capacity, the maximum holding capacity and the effective holding capacity of litter decreased in the order: the pure forest of Acer elegantulum>the mixed forest of Platycladus orientalis×Shrub>the mixed forest of Acer elegantulum×Platycladus orientalis>the pure forest of Platycladus orientalis, and these parameters of semi-decomposed layers were greater than those of the undecomposed layers.(2)The order of soil saturated water holding capacity and capillary water holding capacity were the pure forest of Platycladus orientalis>the pure forest of Acer elegantulum>the mixed forest of Platycladus orientalis×Shrub>the mixed forest of Acer elegantulum×Platycladus orientalis. The order of non-capillary water holding capacity of different vegetation type were the mixed forest of Acer elegantulum×Platycladus orientalis>the pure forest of Acer elegantulum>the mixed forest of Platycladus orientalis×Shrub>the pure forest of Platycladus orientalis. The soil saturated hydraulic conductivity decreased gradually along the profile, and the maximum value of average saturated hydraulic conductivity was observed in the mixed forest of Platycladus orientalis×shrub.(3)Soil organic carbon content decreased gradually along the profile, and was significantly correlated with bulk density, total porosity, non-capillary porosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity(p<0.05). Conclusion] The water holding capacity of soil layer of pure forest was better than mixed forest on the whole, and exceeded that of litter. The soil water storage capacity of mixed forest was better than pure forest. Organic carbon can significantly affect soil physical properties and water conductivity, which is of positive significance for improving soil hydrological function.