"三北"地区沙棘属植物的区域化种植开发探讨Ⅰ沙棘属植物的分布及种植开发的区域化要求

“三北”沙棘种植地区,主要包括黄土高原南部半湿润森林草原气候“生态经济型”沙棘种植地带、黄土高原中部半干旱草原气候“生态经济型”沙棘种植地带、黄土高原北部干旱荒漠草原气候“生态型”沙棘种植地带、冀北辽西半干旱半湿润草原气候“生态经济型”沙棘种植地带、东北北部冷湿草原气候“经济型”沙棘种植地带,每一地带基本上都有各自适宜的自然种源区及良种繁育中心(基地、站、点)。各地带需要布设不同适宜性的沙棘品种,并严格按照“适地适树”的原则,因地制宜,方能实现预期的生态经济功能。各中心(基地、站、点)要建立所代表地带的沙棘属植物基因种质资源保存圃、起示范作用的标准沙棘种植园及优良沙棘种苗繁育基地,还要有一定的沙棘种植面积作为示范推广的保证,才能从根本上解决“三北”地区生态经济问题,推动沙棘种植开发步伐。

Strategic Thought on Regionalization of Plantation and Development of Hippophae in Three North Areas of China

Seabuckthorn plantation areas in Three North areas include five seabuckthorn plantation zones of semi-humid prairie climate zone for eco-economic type of seabuckthorn plantation in southern part of the Loess Plateau,semi-arid steppe climate zone for eco-economic type of seabuckthorn plantation in central part of the Loess Plateau,arid desert steppe climate zone for ecological type of seabuckthorn plantation in northern part of the Loess Plateau,semi-arid and semi-humid steppe climate zone for eco-economic type of seabuckthorn plantation in northern Hebei and western Liaoning,and cold humid steppe climate zone for economic type of seabuckthorn plantation in the northern part of Northeast China.In every zone of so called Five Zones,there are suitable seabuckthorn seed sources,plus trees breeding and cultivation centers,and bases,stations and spots.Different climatic zones need different seabuckthorn species with adaptabilities and eco-economical functions in Three North areas(northern,northeastern and northwestern parts in China)of China.Only according to the principles of matching trees with suitable sites,and adjusting measures to the local conditions,can the destination be realized in practice.From the strategic viewpoints of solving eco-economic problems from seabuckthorn development in Three North areas,every seabuckthorn center(including base,station and spot)must have its own genes conserving garden,standard plantation for popularizing,excellent seed and seedling nursery,and sufficient afforestation areas for demonstration and spreading.