新疆艾比湖地区生态足迹与生态承载力动态变化研究

利用生态足迹分析方法对新疆艾比湖地区1985~2003年的生态足迹和生态承载力进行计算和动态分析研究。结果表明,新疆艾比湖地区人均生态足迹和生态赤字不断增加,人均生态足迹从1985年的2.520 hm2增加至2003年的4.194 hm2,增加了66.43%;人均生态足迹赤字从0.015 hm2增加至2003年的1.121 hm2。与全球和国内一些地区分析比较表明,新疆艾比湖地区1999年的人均生态足迹需求低于全球人均生态足迹需求,低于全疆的平均水平,却高于全国的人均生态足迹需求。同时也处于全球人均生态承载力的范围,但超过中国和新疆的人均生态承载力水平;人均生态赤字也低于全球、中国以及全疆的平均水平。说明新疆艾比湖地区在全球尺度处于生态可持续发展状态,但在区域尺度处于不可持续状态,生态系统的压力较大。万元GDP的生态足迹高于全球、中国以及新疆的平均水平,说明艾比湖地区资源的利用效益比较低。

Dynamic Change of Ecological Footprints and Ecological Capacity of Ebinur Lake Region in Xinjiang

The ecological footprint and ecological capacity of Ebinur lake region during 1985 to 2003 was studied,and the forecast model was obtained which shows how the two vary with the time.The results showed that the average personal ecological footprint gradually increased from 2.520 hm~2 to 4.194 hm~2 during 1985 to 2003,and the average personal ecological deficit also increased year by year from 0.015 hm~2 to 1.121 hm~2.A conclusion could be drawn that the conflicts between ecological footprint and ecological capacity are going up,the present developing model is not sustainable,the ecological environment is at risk.Compared with other countries and regions,the EF of Ebinur lake region was lower than that the global average level and Xinjiang average level;while was higher than China.the available ecological capacity was lower than that the global average level,but was higher than China average level and Xinjiang average level;the ED was also lower than the global average level,China average level and Xinjiang average level.The analysis indicated that there was tremendously high stress on ecosystem in Ebinur lake region though it was in sustainable development status in global scale.And EF per ten thousand yuan GDP tended to decrease.Lastly some suggestions were put up.