黄土山丘区农村居民点类型划分与优化策略

科学划分农村居民点类型和制定优化策略，对于区域农村居民点空间布局优化具有重要意义。以山西省长河流域为例，以农户问卷调查为基础，运用层次分析法和专家咨询法构建了长河流域农村居民点综合影响力评价指标体系，对研究区域农村居民点进行了综合评价，划分了农村居民点等级类型，并确定了农村居民点布局优化策略。研究表明:长河流域农村居民点布局主要受经济发展水平、社会环境水平和生态环境水平的影响，具体包括农业机械化水平、城镇辐射度和工业区与居民区的临近度等12个影响因子；基于农户问卷调查和专家咨询的长河流域农村居民点综合影响力评价指标体系，以煤炭资源、土地资源和水资源的协调利用为背景，能较全面且针对性地反映研究区农村居民点综合影响力特点；通过农村居民点类型划分和优化策略，实现了对不同类型的农村居民点实施分级、分类管理，确保了布局优化后农村居民点的空间结构和层次具有一定的稳定性。可为黄土山丘区农村居民点类型划分与优化策略研究提供一种思路与方法，为北方压煤山丘区村庄综合整治与时空管控提供依据。

Classification and Optimization Strategies of Rural Residential Land in Mountainous and Hilly Area of the Loess Plateau

Scientific classification and optimization strategies of rural residential land make importance for spatial layout optimization. We took Changhe River Basin of Shanxi Province as the study area. AHP and Delphi method were used to build a comprehensive index system to evaluate the influence of rural residents in the river basin according to the analysis rural residential. The types of rural residential plaque were divided, and it determined strategy of rural residents patch spatial optimization. The results showed that:(1) the main influencing factors of rural residential included economic development level, social environment and the ecological environment, what’s more, the main influence factors included level of mechanization of agriculture, urban radiation, industrial areas and residential areas near the degree and so on; (2) with the context of the coordinated utilization of coal resources, the evaluation index system of comprehensive influence to rural residential, land resources and water resources, the regional livability and the level of influence of the rural residential areas could be evaluated comprehensively and purposefully; (3) through the classification of rural residential land and the optimization strategy, it is completed by the classification of different types of rural residential areas and classification management. The results could provide the method of calssification and optimization strategies for the rural residential areas in the hilly areas of the Loess Plateau, and provided reference for the comprehensive improvement of village and spatial control in northern hilly area with coal resources.