牡丹江市退耕还林对区域土壤侵蚀的影响研究

将GIS与通用水土流失方程（USLE）相结合进行牡丹江市退耕还林前后土壤侵蚀状况分析，评价退耕还林对区域水土流失的影响。研究结果表明:轻度侵蚀面积由退耕前的1 600.12km²减小到退耕后的1 296.41km²，主要分布在西南部宁安地区；剧烈侵蚀由退耕前的3 161.52km²减少到退耕后的672.38km²，主要被极强度侵蚀代替，且集中分布在海拔较高的穆棱北部及林口南部、低山丘陵地带25°以下的旱田及林地上。总体而言，退耕还林工程缓解了区域严峻的水土流失态势，但仍需采取相关配套措施以期彻底改善区域水土流失状况，包括修筑梯田、水平等高耕作及深耕翻作业等，但根本措施在于发展区域经济，调整农业生产结构，保护退耕还林成果，从而实现区域生态经济协调发展。

Study on the Effects of Returning Farmland to Forest Project on Soil Erosion in Mudanjiang

This paper mainly analyzed the soil erosion status before and after the Returning Farmland to Forest Project (RFFP) to evaluate the effects of RFFP on soil erosion with the help of USLE and GIS.The results showed that the mild erosion area decreased from 1 600.12km² to 1 296.41km² after the RFFP and mainly distributed in the Ning’an District; the extreme erosion area decreased from 3 161.52km² and to 672.38km²,which was mainly replaced by the extreme erosion and conceptually distributed in the high altitude regions of Muling north and Linkou south,and <25° slope region of hilly areas.In a word,although the RFFP relieved the serious soil erosion status,but relative water and soil conservation measures should be still taken to thoroughly improve the worse soil erosion status,including terracing,contour farming and deep tillage and so on.But the fundamental measure was to develop the regional economy and adjust the agricultural production structure.Thus it could protect the achievements of the RFFP and ensure the sustainable development.