云南省耕地经济等生态环境空间分布特征

合理利用耕地资源的首要问题是明确耕地利用现状，掌握其数量、质量和空间分布。以云南省129个县的农用地分等省级数据为基础，结合该省生态环境现状分区成果，分析了全省耕地经济等在空间上的分布特征。结果表明:（1）云南省耕地经济等呈典型偏正态分布，以1~5等为主，占比高达92.39%；优区内耕地面积分布随经济等的提高呈现逐渐下降的趋势，其他生态环境分区耕地经济等均呈偏正态分布。（2）云南省耕地经济等总体水平偏低，其平均等为2.9等。中区耕地平均经济等最高，为3.2等；劣区最低，为2.2等；优等地平均经济等最高，为10.7等；低等地最低，为2.0等。各生态环境分区耕地质量等级平均等发展趋势与全省平均等一致。（3）云南省耕地以中、低等地为主，所占比例高达95.96%。其中劣区主要分布低等地，占比高达92.66%；优等地、高等地主要分布在中区及良区，占比分别为71.2%和74.9%；中等地在生态环境分区分布相对均匀。研究成果对优化耕地布局、提升耕地质量和保护耕地生态具有重要意义。

Spatial Ecoenvironment Distribution Characteristics of Arable Land Economy Grade in Yunnan Province

Understanding the quality, quantity and spatial distribution of arable land is the most important key problem in reasonably using arable land resources. In this study, the distribution characteristics of the arable land economy grade in 129 counties were analyzed based on the combination data of cultivated land classification and evaluation of ecological environment situation in Yunnan Province. The results showed that:(1) the average economy grade of the arable land for the whole province presented the positive skewed distribution, grades from 1 to 5 accounted for as high as 92.39%; the arable land distribution in the excellent zone showed a trend of gradual decline along with the increase of economy grade, it exhibited the positive skewed distribution in the other ecoenvironment zone; (2) the average economy grade, being grade 2.9, of the arable land for the whole province is at the lower level; the highest average economy grade of 3.2 occurs in the medium zone, while the lowest of 2.2 is in the poor zone; the average economy grade of the excellent-quality arable land is the highest as grade 10.7, and the low-quality arable land has the lowest average grade of 2.0; the development of the average quality of the arable land for ecoenvironment zone has little difference from the average economy grade of the whole province; (3) the cultivated land in Yunnan Province is mainly identified as the medium, or low-quality, accounting for 95.96% of the area. The poor zone is the low-quality, and accounted for as high as 92.66%. The excellent-quality, or good-quality arable land is mostly found in the medium zone, which is followed by the good zone, accounting for 71.2% and 74.9%, respectively; the medium-quality distribution in ecoenvironment zone is relatively uniform. These conclusions are significant to optimize arable land arrangement, improve arable land quality and protect ecological environment of arable land.