半干旱黄土区沙棘的水分生理生态与形态解剖学特性研究

1986～1997年在半干旱黄土区的陕西吴旗、安塞县和宁夏固原县，对沙棘进行了蒸腾、净初级生产量、土壤水分等生理生态和形态解剖学特性研究。试验结果表明:沙棘每生产lg地上干物质，总耗水量为711～829g，其中蒸腾耗水量为551～654g，该地区荒山植被生产lg地上干物质蒸腾耗水量为343～709g，总耗水量却达2540～4501g。水分利用效率为1.21～1.53g/（m²·mm），是荒山植被的3.1～6.4倍。沙棘水分利用效率较高，水分生产潜力较大。观察沙棘叶、根具有耐大气干旱、耐高温和水湿的形态解剖学特性，说明沙棘有较强的生态适应性。因而在半干旱黄土区的荒山、荒沟，营造沙棘林，能有效利用水土资源，这是快速治理荒山，提高土地生产力的有效途径之一。

Study on the Characteristic of Water Physiology Ecology and Morphology Anatomy of Seabuckthorn on the Semiarid Loess Region

This experiment was carried out at Wuqi, Ansai and Guyuan county on the semiarid region of the Loess Plateau from 1986 to 1997. Transpiration, net aboveground primary production, soil moisture and characteristic of water physiology ecology and morphology anatomy of seabuckthorn were observed and studied. The results showed that the total water consumption of seabuckthorn woodlands for producing ig of aboveground dry material was 711~829g, and water consumption from transpiration accounted for 551~654g, transpiration of waste land vegetation producing 1g aboveground dry material was 343~709g, but total water consumption was 2 450~4 501g. The water use efficiency of seabuckthorn was 1.21~1. 53g/(m²·mm), and 3.1~6.4 times of waste land vegetation. It had higher water use efficiency and potential power of water production. The observation of the anatomy characters of dry-resistant and wet-resistant showed that seabuckthorn has better suitability to atmospheric arid of semiarid Loess Plateau. So, in semiarid loess region establishing seabuckthorn woodlands is effective avenue to use effectively resource of water and soil, improve land productivity, and to speed harnessing barren hills.