道路和居民点对锡林郭勒草地风蚀参数的影响

土壤风蚀是锡林郭勒草地主要的生态环境问题之一，区域内道路和居民点对草地风蚀有重要影响而尚未受到足够的关注与研究。将遥感影像目视解译提取的道路和居民点信息，与表征土壤性质、地表植被覆盖等方面的8个风蚀参数进行空间叠加，采用掩膜处理等GIS方法分析各参数的空间变化特征，以探究道路和居民点对风蚀地表参数的影响。结果表明:距道路和居民点越近，植被覆盖率、高度均减小，表层土壤砂粒含量增加，土壤容重变大；居民点对风蚀参数影响的最大距离为2 000 m，道路为400 m；在影响距离内，植被覆盖各参数变化幅度大于土壤性质各参数，居民点对风蚀参数的影响大于道路；道路和居民点明显增加了周边区域的风蚀危险性，因此进行风蚀评价与估算时，应在相关指标体系与模型中考虑道路和居民点这两个影响因子。该研究可以为草原风蚀机理研究、风蚀治理提供科学参考。

Influences of Road and Residence on Wind Erosion Parameters in the Xilinguole Grassland

Wind erosion is one of the main ecological problems in the Xilinguole grassland. Road and residence have the important influences on wind erosion in grassland. However, this phenomenon has not been well considered or studied. In order to assess the influences of road and residence on wind erosion parameters, road and residence information was obtained by visual interpretation of remote sensing images, and they were overlaid with eight wind erosion parameters including categories of soil properties and vegetation cover. GIS methods such as extract by mask were employed to explore the influences of road and residence on wind erosion parameters. The results show that as the distance to road and residence decreases, vegetation coverage and height decrease, and soil water content, sand content and soil bulk density increase. The maximal influencing distance of the residence on parameters is 2 000 m, and that of the road is 400 m. Within the influencing distance, the variation ranges of the vegetation cover parameters are larger than those of soil property parameters, and the influences of the residence on parameters are stronger than those of the road. Road and residence increase wind erosion risk, therefore, they should be considered in the index system and models for assessment and estimation of wind erosion. These results can provide scientific references for wind erosion mechanism research and wind erosion prevention in grasslands.