农田旧膜再利用方式对胡麻生理指标及产量的影响

为探讨全膜覆盖农田旧膜再利用的有效方式,寻求有利于胡麻高产、稳产的栽培途径,采用田间试验方法,以当年全膜覆盖作物收获后收除旧膜、翌年整地播种(无覆膜)(T6)为对照,比较了旧膜留至翌年免耕播种(T1)、在旧膜上覆土免耕播种(T2)、播种前收除旧膜并覆盖新膜免耕播种(T4)以及当年作物收获后在旧膜上覆盖玉米秸秆、翌年除去秸秆免耕播种(T3)和当年收除旧膜并整地覆盖新膜、翌年播种(T5)等5种农田旧膜再利用方式对胡麻叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸(Pro)含量以及胡麻产量及其构成因子的影响。结果表明:全膜覆盖作物收获后旧膜继续留至翌年,仍具有一定的地膜覆盖所具有的提高温度、保护土壤墒情、增强土壤养分供应能力等作用,有利于胡麻叶片SOD活性、可溶性蛋白含量的增加,协调控制叶片MDA和Pro含量,提高单株朔果数和千粒重,获得较高的单位面积产量。其中:农田旧膜留至翌年免耕直播(T1)、在旧膜上覆土免耕播种(T2)和播种前收除旧膜并覆盖新膜免耕播种(T4)3种农田旧膜再利用方式分别比对照增产10.05%、17.52%和40.67%,当年在旧膜上覆盖作物秸秆、翌年除去秸秆免耕播种(T3)和当年收除旧膜并整地覆盖新膜、翌年播种(T5)2种农田旧膜再利用方式分别比对照增产29.79%和22.16%。农田旧膜覆盖至翌年清除,而后覆盖新膜免耕直播是我国地膜覆盖种植区域农田旧膜再利用的最优方式和实现胡麻高产的最佳选择。

Effect of treatment patterns of used plastic film in field on oil flax physiological index and yield

Field experiments were conducted to investigate effective reuse patterns of used plastic films in field and its effect on oil flax production stability and yield. The study compared the influences of 5 used plastic film treatment patterns on oil flax leaf SOD activity, MDA content, Pro content, soluble protein content and yield components and yield. The 5 patterns included field-kept film and no-tillage sowing the next year (T1), field-kept film with earth mulching and no-tillage sowing the next year (T2), field-kept film with straw mulching the current year and no-tillage sowing after straw clearing the next year (T3), field-kept film with replacement by new plastic film and no-tillage sowing the next year (T4) and film collection with land preparation and new plastic film mulching just after harvest and sowing the next year (T5). The treatment of film collection just after seasonal harvest with land preparation and no-mulch sowing the next year (T6) was used as the control. The results indicated that keeping used plastic films in field till the next year had the same film mulching effect on soil temperature, moisture and nutrient. It did not only enhance SOD activity and soluble protein content, but also coordinately regulated MDA and Pro contents. It also increased per-plant capsule number, one-thousand-grain weight and crop yield. Yields of T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 increased by 10.05%, 17.52%, 29.79%, 40.67% and 22.16%, respectively, over the control. The treatment of keeping film in the field until the next year with new plastic film mulching and no-tillage sowing the next year pattern (T4) was the optimal used plastic film treatment method in regions with plastic film mulching cultivation in China. It also offered the best choice for the highest oil flax yield.