侗族稻田养鱼的历史、现状、机遇与对策——以贵州省从江县为例

侗族地区的稻田养鱼具有悠久的历史，传统稻田养鱼农耕方式为侗族地区的社会经济发展做出了重要贡献。但随着经济的发展和现代农业技术的推广，该地区稻田养鱼面临着许多威胁，如：杂交稻的推广、化肥农药的过量使用、技术需求提高和比较效益相对低下等。本文在分析该地稻田养鱼的历史、现状及面临的威胁和机遇的基础上，从政府重视、制定相关政策，创造条件尽快列入全球重要农业文化遗产试点，编制保护与发展规划，探索替代性产业发展途径，开展相关科学研究等方面，提出了进一步保护和发展稻田养鱼的对策。

History, current state, opportunities and countermeasures of Dong Nationality rice-fish agrosystem——A case study of Congjiang County, Guizhou Province

According to the literatures and field survey, rice-fish agrosystem of Dong Nationality in Southeast Guizhou Province has been in existence for over a thousand years and has played a vital role in the socio-economic development of locality. However, due to the adoption of intensive agricultural systems, especially hybrid rice cultivation, excessive use of chemicals, and advanced techniques and low comparative advantage, this traditional agricultural practice is gradually being replaced by the so-called modern agricultural systems. In this paper, the current state, opportunities and challenges of rice-fish agrosystem in Conjiang County, a typical Dong Nationality region, are analyzed based on historic facts. A number of measures for the development of rice fish agrosystem are proposed with particular emphasis on the development of policies to enhance its sustainability, listing the area as a pilot GIAHS site, drawing timely master plan for the conservation and development of the culture, searching for alternative development approaches and launching related research projects on the agrosystem.