茬口和灌水对小麦产量及水分利用效率的影响

为高效利用水分资源以及不同茬口冬小麦栽培提供合理的灌水制度,在山西临汾采用小区试验设计方法研究了茬口和灌水对小麦产量及水分利用效率的影响.结果表明:各茬口3个灌水处理的小麦平均产量以玉米茬口＞油葵茬口＞休闲茬口＞大豆茬口,水分利用效率则为油葵茬口＞玉米茬口＞大豆茬口＞休闲茬口;各茬口均随灌水量的增加产量和水分利用效率提高,大豆茬口的灌浆水、其他3个茬口的拔节水分别较拔节水、灌浆水更有利于提高小麦产量和水分利用效率.同时明确了不同灌水处理条件下,各茬口在不同生育时段贮水和耗水的动态特征.

Effect of crop rotation and irrigation on wheat yield and water-use efficiency

To efficiently utilize water resources and to ensure reasonable irrigation systems of winter wheat in rotation with different crops, the effect of rotation and irrigation on wheat yield and water-use efficiency was determined under plot design experiment. From the results, the order of average wheat yield for maize, sunflower, soybean and fallow rotation under three irrigation treatments is maize>sunflower>fallow>soybean. On the basis of water-use efficiency, the order is sunflower>maize>soybean>fallow. Wheat yield and water-use efficiency increase with increasing irrigation amount for all the rotation systems. Soybean-wheat rotation has the most impact on wheat yield and water-use efficiency with irrigation at wheat grain filling stage, while the other rotation systems are most advantageous with irrigation at wheat jointing stage. The dynamics of the characteristics of water storage and consumption in each rotation system at different growth stages and irrigation schemes simultaneously play out.