环境规制与村规民约对农户绿色生产意愿的影响——以规模养猪户养殖废弃物资源化利用为例

畜禽养殖污染是造成农业污染的重要因素,但现有环境法规作用有限,可能由于没有很好地融合当地的非正式制度。本文在研究环境规制对农户绿色生产意愿的基础上创新性地加入村规民约进行考虑,以湖北省规模养猪户为研究对象,运用结构方程模型分析了环境规制、村规民约对规模养猪户畜禽养殖废弃物资源化利用意愿的影响,探寻正式制度和非正式制度因素对规模养猪户资源化利用意愿的影响机制。研究结果表明：1）环境规制对规模养猪户的资源化利用意愿具有显著正向影响;2）村规民约对规模养猪户的资源化利用意愿具有显著正向影响;3）村规民约在环境规制对规模养猪户资源化利用意愿影响的过程中具有中介作用,具体表现为约束型环境规制借助规范性村规民约间接影响规模养猪户的畜禽养殖废弃物资源化利用意愿,引导型环境规制借助文化性村规民约间接影响规模养猪户的畜禽养殖废弃物资源化利用意愿。据此,本文提出政策启示：在乡村环境治理过程中政府应当完善环境规制、规范村规民约,并在实践中充分发挥两者的优点,使环境规制"合礼"化、村规民约"合理"化。

Effect of environmental regulations and village regulations on farmers' green production willingness: Taking the resource use of livestock and poultry waste of large-scale pig farmers as an example

Pollution from pig breeding is a major contributor to agricultural pollution. However, existing environmental regulations have limited role, because it may not be well integrated into local informal system. This paper considers the environmental regulations to the farmers'' willingness of green production and innovatively adds the village regulations, using large-scale pig farmers in Hubei Province as the research object as well as the structural equation model to study the influence of environmental regulations and village regulations on pig farmers'' willingness to recycle livestock and poultry waste, and explore the mechanism of the influence of formal institutions and informal institutional factors on the willingness of large-scale pig farmers to use resources. The findings reveal that:1) environmental regulations have a significant positive effect on large-scale pig farmers'' willingness; 2) village regulations have a significant positive effect on large-scale pig farmers'' willingness; and 3) village regulations play an intermediary role in the impact of environmental regulations on large-scale pig farmers'' willingness to use these resources. Restrictive environmental regulations have an indirect effect on the willingness of large-scale pig farmers to use these resources through normative village regulations, and guiding environmental regulations have an indirect effect on this willingness through cultural village regulations. Based on these findings, this study proposed the following policy implications. In the process of rural environmental governance, the government should improve the environmental regulations, standardize the village rules and regulations, and give full play to the advantages of both in practice, so as to make the environmental regulations "propriety" and the village rules and regulations "reasonable".