补充灌溉、氮素营养与秸秆覆盖对冬小麦生长及产量的影响研究

大田试验研究补充灌水、施N肥与秸秆覆盖对冬小麦根系和地上部生长、产量及其构成因子的影响结果表明 ,施N肥对冬小麦生长发育和产量的效应最明显 ,单独覆盖秸秆或补充灌水基本无效甚至出现副作用。施用N肥和秸秆覆盖可促进冬小麦根系发育和地上部生物量累积。肥料供应充足时覆盖秸秆对冬小麦根系的作用与水分状况有关 ,土壤水分胁迫下秸秆覆盖效果不明显 ,此时施用N肥甚至出现一定负效应。水分充足与否 ,施N肥和秸秆覆盖均对冬小麦产量的形成有一定协同效应 ,补充灌溉与施用N肥和秸秆覆盖配合处理小麦产量最高。

Effects of supplementary irrigation, nitrogen fertilizer and straw mulching on the growth and yield of winter wheat

Field experiment was carried out to study the impacts of supplementary irrigation, nitrogen fertilizer and straw mulching on the growth of root, shoot biomass, yield and its characters of winter wheat. The results show that only the application of nitrogen fertilizer has the significant effects on the growth of winter wheat. The straw mulch improves the growth of root and weight of plant biomass when the nitrogen fertilizer is added. The effect of straw mulching is related to water content in soil. When water stress occurs, the mulching has no significant effects on the growth of root; and a further application of nitrogen fertilizer even has negative effects. Whether the supplementary irrigation is added or not, the straw mulching with N-fertilization has a significant interaction on the yield. The combined treatment of irrigation, fertilization and straw mulch has the highest yield among all the treatments.