黑龙江省东部山地红松人工林生态系统水化学特征

对黑龙江省东部山地红松人工林生态系统的大气降水、穿透水、树干径流、枯透水和地表径流中的pH值、溶解氧、浊度、总溶解固体、K、Na、Ca、Mg、Cu、Zn、Mn和Fe等水质指标进行了检测。结果表明:大气降水经过林冠层后,其水化学特征发生了明显变化,pH和DO降低,TURB和TDS明显增加,化学元素含量均不同程度增加。树干径流除了Cu外其余各化学元素含量均明显增加。穿透水和树干径流中各元素的变异系数较大。枯透水各化学元素的变异系数低于其他水样,只有Mn元素变化较大。穿透水、树干径流和枯透水中的K、Ca淋溶量较大,Cu、Zn淋溶量较少,根据淋溶系数的大小排列穿透水的淋溶序列为Mn>K>Mg>Cu>Fe>Ca>Na>Zn,树干径流的淋溶序列为Mn>Mg>K>Fe>Ca>Cu>Na>Zn,而枯透水的淋溶序列为Mg>Mn>K>Fe>Ca>Cu>Na>Zn。

Chemical properties of water in artifical Pinus koraiensis ecosystems in the eastern mountainous region of Heilongjiang Province

The water quality of rainfall,through-fall,stemflow,litter-through and runoff in Pinus koraiensis plantations of the eastern mountainous regions of Heilongjiang Province were studied.Water quality indexes,pH,DO(Dissolved oxygen),TURB(Turbidity),TDS(Total dissolved substances),K,Na,Ca,Mg,Cu,Zn,Mn and Fe were also analyzed.The results show a remarkable change in the chemical properties of rainfall after passing through the forest canopies.There is an observed decrease in pH and DO,obvious increase in TURB and TDS,and different degrees of increase in other chemical elements.With the exception of Cu,higher element contents are found in stem-flow than in rainfall and through-fall.The variance coefficients of all elements show remarkable increase in through-fall and stem-flow.With the exception of Mn,the variance coefficients of the elements in litter-through are lower than those in the other water media.The amount of chemical leaching of K and Ca is higher and that of Cu and Zn lower in through-fall,stem-flow and litterthrough.The leaching coefficients of the elements in throughfall are observed to be in the following order:Mn>K>Mg>Cu>Fe>Ca>Na>Zn.The order for stem-flow is:Mn>Mg>K>Fe>Ca>Cu>Na>Zn,and that for litter-through is:Mg>Mn>K>Fe>Ca>Cu>Na>Zn.