农业生态效率研究进展分析

农业生态效率是评价农业可持续发展能力的一个非常重要的指标,通过农业生态效率的评价,可以准确评估了解农业生态系统的真实价值,以实现农业资源的高效率利用,并减轻农业废弃物所造成的内源性污染,进而从根本上解决农业生态系统退化和环境污染问题,为农业的可持续发展奠定基础。对已有文献进行系统梳理后发现,农业生态效率研究方面存在如下几个方面的问题:1)概念界定不统一、评价方法趋同;2)宏观层面对农业生态效率的影响因素研究不足、县域层面的收敛性分析亟待丰富;3)生态资产再生产、生态农业生产方式、生态农业政策等方面的应用还亟待加强等问题。为此,剖析了未来为推动我国农业的可持续发展,农业生态效率研究将会更加关注的如下几个方面:1)提升农业生态效率的评价方法;2)加强农业生态效率驱动因素的研究;3)推进农业生态效率在生态资产再生产、转变农业生产方式、制定农业政策等方面的应用。

Review of methodology and application of agricultural eco-efficiency

Agricultural ecological efficiency analysis is vital in evaluating sustainable development of agriculture. It can be used to accurately assess the real value of agricultural ecosystem for the realization of efficient use of agricultural resources and for the alleviation of endogenous pollution caused by agricultural waste. As a result, it can also be used to solve problems concerning the degradation of agricultural ecosystems and the reduction in environmental pollution, and thereby laying a solid foundation for sustainable agricultural development. After a systematic review of the existing literatures on agricultural ecological efficiency, it was found that the three prominent problems which needed thorough research were:1) the precise definition of agricultural ecological efficiency and consistent evaluation method of agricultural ecological efficiency. 2) A thorough research on the macro-factors with significant impact on agricultural ecological efficiency and detailed analysis of agricultural ecological efficiency at national scale. 3) Extensive researches on important issues such as ecological capital, ecological agriculture and ecological agriculture policy. Thus in order to promote sustainable development of agriculture in China, the following aspects were needed in future research:1) improvement of the method of evaluation of agricultural ecological efficiency, 2) augmenting factors in the research of agricultural ecological efficiency, and 3) promotion of the application of agricultural ecological efficiency in areas such as ecological capital production, ecological agriculture production and ecological agriculture policy.