生物多样性对生态系统功能及其稳定性的影响

生物多样性导致生态系统功能优化学说、组分有机体功能特点决定生态系统功能观点及一些中间观点的提出使生态学界对生物多样性与生态系统功能之间关系的研究结果各异,但关键种的丧失会严重损害生态系统功能是肯定的。对结构多样性的生态系统来说,关键种能稳定生态系统功能,并在一定程度上缓冲波动带来的压力。生物多样性与生态系统稳定性间关系的研究亦未形成共识,一般看法是生物多样性降低会导致生态系统稳定性下降。但也有与之不同的看法,认为多样性与稳定性间无任何关系。对局部多样性、区域多样性及全球范围内生物多样性改变及其相应保护措施的研究比较后认为,应为不同物种提供适合其繁殖条件的局部试验地块,用个体小的物种来控制区域生物多样性及通过各种自然试验方法增加不同范围内的生物多样性。

Effects of biodiversity on functions and stability of ecosystem

The appearances of the theory on optimized ecosystem functions caused by biodiversity, the view of ecological system functions determined by component organism functions and the other non-tilting views have produced the diversified research results on the relation between ecological system functions and biodiversity. However, it is sure that the loss of key species impairs the functions of ecosystem. But for those structure-diversity ecosystems the key species can stabilize the ecosystem functions and to some extent mitigate the pressure triggered by species alteration. Studies on relations between stability of ecosystem and biodiversity have not achieved an agreement, either. The common understanding between biodiversity and stability is that reduction in biodiversity can lead to a corresponding decrease in stability of ecosystem. However, there exists another different view asserting there is not any relation between stability and diversity. Through the comparison among researches on local diversity, regional diversity and global diversity and their corresponding measures of protection, we hold the view that the increase of biodiversity within different ranges can be achieved by providing local experimental plots suitable for its reproductive condition for different species, by controlling regional biodiversity with small-sized species, and by all kinds of natural experimental methods.