耐盐小麦品种在干旱条件下的农艺性状分析

干旱、盐碱等逆境胁迫是影响小麦产量的主要自然灾害, 培育抗旱抗盐高产小麦品种是我国北方小麦育种的主要任务之一。本文对来自新疆的"新冬26"和来自河北沧州的"沧麦6001"、"沧麦6002"、"沧麦6003" 共4个小麦品种, 进行了苗期耐盐性初步鉴定, 了解4个耐盐小麦品种的耐盐能力差异, 并对2010-2011年2年中大田干旱条件下4个小麦品种的相关农艺性状进行了分析, 为小麦耐盐、耐旱品种改良与遗传育种提供参考信息。研究结果表明, 在100 mmol·L^-1 NaCl处理下, "新冬26"的根与苗的相对生长量高于3个沧麦品种; 在200 mmol·L^-1 NaCl处理下, "沧麦6003"根与苗的相对生长量较高; 同时经过100 mmol·L^-1 NaCl处理后, 4个品种的根苗长度比均有所降低, 但"新冬26"在200 mmol·L^-1 NaCl处理下, 较100 mmol·L^-1 NaCl处理下根苗长度比增大, 说明这个品种对高盐胁迫具有一定的耐受能力。在大田干旱条件下, 耐盐品种"新冬26"与沧麦"6001"表现耐旱高产。进一步分析干旱条件对耐盐小麦品种农艺性状的影响, 对农艺性状相关性分析表明: 单株籽粒产量与分蘖、穗粒数、小穗数、单株生物学产量呈极显著正相关, 与经济系数呈显著正相关。多元回归分析表明: 分蘖、小穗数、穗粒数、单株生物学产量4个农艺性状决定了单株产量75.9%的变异。以上试验结果说明, 在筛选耐盐耐旱小麦品种时, 应考虑选择分蘖、小穗数、穗粒数、单株生物学产量等指标比较高的品种。

Analysis of agronomic traits of salt tolerant wheat under drought condition

Drought and salinity have been the main abiotic stresses that adversely affect wheat prodcution. In this paper, four wheat varieties were used in a preliminary analysis of salt-tolerant characteristics and agronomic traits under a two-year drought condition. The investigated wheat varieties included "Xindong 26" (from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region), and "Cangmai 6001", "Cangmai 6002" and "Cangmai 6003" (from Cangzhou City, Hebei Province). The results of the study provided the needed reference information on wheat varietal improvement and genetic breeding. The results showed that under 100 mmol·L^-1 NaCl, the relative growth rates of roots and shoots of "Xindong 26" were higher than those of the other varieties. Then under 200 mmol·L^-1 NaCl, "Cangmai 6003" performed better than the other varieties. After treatment with 100 mmol·L^-1 NaCl, the ratios of root to shoot of the four varieties decreased. However, in 200 mmol·L^-1 NaCl, root-to-shoot ratio of "Xindong 26" increased. Under drought stress, "Xindong 26" and "Cangmai 6001" showed the highest yield among the four wheat varieties. Furthermore, agronomic traits of salt-tolerant wheat varieties under drought conditions were analyzed. Correlation analysis on agronomic traits showed that grain yield per plant was extremely positively correlated with tillering number, spikelet number and kernels number per spike and biological yield per plant, and positively correlated with economic coefficient. Multivariate regression analysis showed that tillering number, spikelet number, kernels number per spike and biological yield per plant determined 75.9% of the yield variation. The results suggested that wheat varieties with higher tillering number, spikelet number, kernels number per spike and biological yield per plant were better picks for salt/drought-tolerant varieties.