河南省畜禽养殖粪便年排放量估算

基于河南省2008年畜牧业统计年报数据和各种估算参数,估算了河南省2008年主要畜禽粪便排放总量及其有机质、氮、磷、钾含量。结果表明,河南省2008年主要畜禽粪便排放总量为18329.5万t,尿排放总量为9790.8万t,折算成氮169.84万t、磷96.33万t、钾142.93万t。不同畜禽中,生猪的畜禽粪便排放量最高,占河南省排放总量的39.5%;其次为肉牛,占排放总量的27.0%。尿的排放总量构成中,生猪的排放量最高,占总量的83.4%;其次为肉牛,占11.6%。不同地市中以驻马店的畜禽粪便排放总量最高,其次是南阳、周口、商丘和开封,5市的总和接近河南省粪便排放总量的一半。河南省畜禽粪便农用地的平均负荷高达40.79t·hm-2,远远超过了全国平均负荷4.19t·hm-2,说明河南省农村生态环境面临着畜禽养殖污染的巨大生态压力。

Estimation of annual total livestock/poultry excrement in Henan Province

Based on statistical data and various related parameters, annual total excrement from main livestock/poultry in Henan Province was evaluated for 2008. The study shows that gross livestock/poultry excrement in 2008 comprises of 18 329.5×10⁴ tons of feces and 9 790.8×10⁴ tons of urine. The total livestock/poultry excrement contains 169.84×10⁴ tons N, 96.33×10⁴ tons P, and 142.93×10⁴ tons K. Among the main livestock/poultry (e.g., pig, cattle, sheep, rabbit and chicken), pigs excrete the highest amount of feces, accounting for 39.5% of the total excrement. This is followed by cattle, accounting for 27.0% of the total excrement. 83.4% of the livestock/poultry urine is also produced by pigs, followed by cattle (11.6%). The highest amount of livestock/poultry excrement comes from Zhumadian City, followed by Nanyang City, Zhoukou City, Shangqiu City and Kaifeng City. Excrement from these five cities accounts for almost half of total livestock/poultry excrement in Henan Province. Average excretion load of croplands is 40.79 t·hm^-2, which is much higher than the 4.19 t·hm^-2 national average. This finding suggests that rural environments of Henan Province are confronted with severe pollution and ecological risks.