田间旱育条件下不同化感潜力水稻根际土壤酚酸类和萜类物质分析

酚酸类和萜类是水稻化感作用研究中研究较多、争议较大的2大类化感物质,但目前有关水稻根系分泌物的研究多在实验室条件下进行。本文以国际公认的强化感水稻‘PI312777’和弱化感水稻‘Lemont’为材料,以未种植水稻的土壤为对照,研究了其在田间旱育条件下,不同土壤水分状态(旱地和湿地)时,根际土壤酚酸类和萜类物质的差异。结果表明,不同水分条件下不同化感潜力水稻品种和对照根际土壤中酚酸类物质和萜类物质的组成较为相似,但各物质含量存在一定差异。适度旱胁迫下,各处理根际土壤中所检测到的咖啡酸、对羟基苯甲酸、香草酸、阿魏酸和肉桂酸5种酚酸类物质及总量均有提高,其中强化感水稻‘PI312777’根际土壤中5种酚酸类物质提高最显著,比CK湿地处理提高2.84倍;在各处理根际土壤共检测到的27种萜类物质中,17种是含氧单萜;干旱胁迫导致各处理根际土壤单萜烯、含氧单萜、含氧倍半萜和总萜变化程度和变化趋势不同,单萜烯相对含量在强化感水稻‘PI312777’根际土壤中明显提高,而在弱化感水稻‘Lemont’和对照根际土壤中则降低。本文在此基础上讨论了由此导致2种水稻田间化感抑草效果差异的原因与机制。

Analysis of phenolic acids and terpenoids in rhizosphere soils of different allelopathic rice varieties under dry field conditions

Although phenolic acids and secondary terpenoid metabolites respectively from shikimate pathway and isoprene metabolic pathway are the main plant allelochemicals, it is far from conclusion in academic circles on what allelochemicals cause rice allelopathy. Thus far, most studies on rice root exudates have been conducted in laboratory conditions. Furthermore, few reports have been made on the changes in allelopathic substances in the rhizoshpere soil of different allelopathic potential rice cultivars especially under stressful field conditions. This paper studied the differences in allelopathic compounds including phenolic acids and terpenoids extracted from the rhizosphere soils of strong allelopathic rice cultivar 'PI312777' and its counterpart 'Lemont' and those from the control soil without any plants under dry and wet soil conditions in the seedling nursery. Putative allelochemicals of rhizosphere soil extracts were then identified via GC-MS (Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometer-computer) and HPLC (High-performance liquid chromatography). The results showed that the compositions of phenolic acids and terpenoid compounds were similar but the contents of them were different in different treated rhizosphere soils and controls. Under moderate drought stress, the total content of five phenolic acids such as caffeic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, ferulic acid and cinnamic acid, increased in all treated rhizosphere soils, and allelopathic rice 'PI312777' showed the highest increases in the total content of the five phenolic acids, which was 2.84 times higher than that of control soil under wet treatment. In addition, among 27 detected and identified terpenoids, 17 were oxygenic monoterpenoid compounds in the extracts of rhizosphere soil samples. Under drought stress, the contents of monoterpenes, oxygenated monoterpenes, oxygenated sesquiterpenes and total terpene showed the changing patterns with different extents and different trends in different treated rhizosphere soils. The relative content of monoterpene was significantly increased in rhizosphere soils under rice 'PI312777', but decreased in rhizosphere soils under the counterpart 'Lemont'. Based on the results, the cause and its mechanism of the weed-suppression in the two rice accessions under the field condition were further discussed.