地表覆盖对日光温室黄瓜生长发育及生理特性的影响

试验研究了秸秆覆盖、地膜覆盖和秸秆加膜覆盖对结瓜期日光温室嫁接和未嫁接黄瓜生长发育与生理特性的影响。结果表明,地表覆盖可有效促进植株生长,有利于雌花分化、提高坐瓜率、降低畸形瓜比例、缩短成瓜时间以及增加单瓜重、早期产量和总产量,其中以秸秆加膜覆盖效果最明显,秸秆覆盖和地膜覆盖次之,嫁接效果优于未嫁接。秸秆覆盖、地膜覆盖和秸秆加膜覆盖均可不同程度提高黄瓜净光合速率、光能利用效率和水分利用效率,且以秸秆加膜覆盖效果最好,嫁接优于未嫁接。秸秆覆盖与秸秆加膜覆盖均可显著增加黄瓜叶片叶绿素含量,增强黄瓜根系活力,而地膜覆盖却使叶绿素含量低于对照,根系活力在结瓜后期低于秸秆覆盖与秸秆加膜覆盖处理,但仍高于对照。

Effects of different mulching methods on growth,development and physiological characteristics of cucumber in solar greenhouse

The effects of soil surface mulching with different materials including wheat straw,plastic film and wheat straw with plastic film on growth, development and physiological characteristics of grafted and non-grafted cucumber in solar greenhouse were studied.The results show that soil surface mulching not only improves the growth of plants, but also is beneficial to formation and development of the pistillate flower, increases fruit-setting percentage, reduces malformation rate of cucumber,shortens fruit-developing period and enhances single cucumber weight. Moreover, the forepart yield and total yield are both enhanced under the treatments mentioned above.Among which,the effect of wheat straw with plastic film mulching is the best, then wheat straw mulching and plastic film mulching follow. Besides, the net photosynthetic rate,light use efficiency and water use efficiency of leaves increase to some extent under different mulching treatments. And the effects of wheat straw with plastic film mulching exceed the other two treatments,and the effect on grafted cucumber are better than that of non-grafted one. Under the wheat straw and straw with film mulching treatments, chlorophyll content increases,root vitality is enhanced during whole fruiting stage. But if the soil surface is mulched with plastic film,chlorophyll content keeps lower than that of control during whole fruit stage,root vitality at late-fruiting stage becomes more inactive than that of the other two mulching treatments,but still higher than that of control.