有机肥施用模式对蔬菜产量、土壤化学性质及微生物的影响

在广州市蔬菜集约化种植区连续进行了6茬菜心试验,探讨有机肥施用模式施无机肥(CK)、无机肥配施国产生物有机肥(BM)、无机肥配施腐殖酸(HA)、无机肥配合淋施复合芽孢杆菌剂(BSP)、无机肥配施腐殖酸并淋施复合芽孢杆菌剂(HA+BSP)、无机肥配施水沤腐熟鸡粪并淋施复合芽孢杆菌剂(CM+BSP)、无机肥配施复合芽孢杆菌剂堆沤腐熟鸡粪(BSPCM)]对蔬菜产量、土壤化学性质及微生物的影响。结果表明,不同茬别菜心产量差别较大。连续6茬试验中,CM+BSP处理菜心产量均为最高且显著高于CK处理,BSPCM处理菜心产量仅次于CM+BSP处理。BM、CM+BSP、BSPCM处理能提高土壤pH,降低连作土壤的酸化风险。随着种植茬数的增加,CM+BSP处理土壤细菌、真菌和微生物总数持续增加,显著高于原始土壤和其他施肥处理,BSPCM处理次之。CK处理土壤中细菌、真菌及微生物总量均比原始土壤下降。在连作菜地蔬菜生产中,在施用无机肥基础上配施适量水沤腐熟鸡粪,并在蔬菜生长过程中淋施复合芽孢杆菌剂,不但可提高蔬菜产量,而且具有培肥、活化和改良土壤生物质量的作用,有利于减轻蔬菜连作障碍,实现集约化蔬菜种植的可持续发展。

Effect of organic fertilizer application pattern on vegetable yield, soil chemical property and micro-organism

Field trials on six successive crops of Brassica parachinensis (BP) were conducted to investigate the influence of organic fertilizer application pattern on the BP yield, and soil chemical property and micro-organism under intensive vegetables cultivation in Guangzhou. The organic fertilizer application patterns include application of inorganic fertilizer (CK), combined application of inorganic and organic fertilizers (BM), combined application of inorganic fertilizer and humic acid (HA), combined application of inorganic fertilizer and sprinkled Bacillus sp. (BSP), combined application of inorganic fertilizer, humic acid and sprinkledBacillus sp. (HA+BSP), combined application of inorganic fertilizer, decomposed chicken manure and sprinkled Bacillus sp. (CM+BSP), and combined application of inorganic fertilizer and Bacillus sp. retted chicken manure (BSPCM). The results show significant variations in mean yields among different crops. Among all the treatments in six crops, CM+BSP treatment yields the highest BP, followed by BSPCM treatment (both of which are significantly higher than the CK). BM, CM+BSP and BSPCM treatments can increase soil pH reducing the risk for soil acidification of intensive vegetable land. The number of soil bacteria, fungi and total micro-organisms under CM+BSP increases with increasing of cropping times, which is significantly higher than those under the initial soil and other treatments. Next in a similar trend is BSPCM treatment. The number of soil bacteria, fungi and total micro-organisms decreases under CK compared with initial soil condition. Hence for continuous vegetable cultivation, in different combinations with chicken manure, inorganic fertilizer plus sprinkled Bacillus sp. increases yield and soil fertility, activates soil biological properties, and reduces risks of continuous vegetables cropping obstacle. This method could therefore be used to realize sustainable development of intensive vegetable production in Guangzhou.