基于价值系数动态调整的青龙县生态系统服务价值变化研究

生态系统服务价值是随着自然和经济条件的变化而不断变化的。本文首先对谢高地等提出的生态系统服务价值当量因子表进行区域修正,然后从生物生产力和社会支付两方面选取指标对以上结果进行功能性和经济性调整,构建了生态系统服务价值的动态评估模型,计算了2003—2012年河北省青龙县单位面积单项生态系统服务价值系数动态变化情况,最后评估了近10年各生态系统服务价值,并揭示了小尺度的县域土地生态系统动态变化规律。研究结果表明:2003—2012年间,青龙县各土地利用类型中,单位面积生态系统单项服务价值系数呈波动上升的变化趋势,10年间生态系统服务总价值提高44.43亿元,平均年增幅为3.78%。空间上,通过区域修正增加了园地和建设用地的当量因子值,得到了青龙县单位面积生态系统服务价值系数表;时间上,通过功能性调整得到林地和园地调整系数分别为1.032和0.903,通过经济性调整得到支付能力和支付意愿综合作用结果在时间跨度上呈现波动上升趋势。研究结果与以往的静态评估模型相比,更具有适宜性,特别是对受经济政策影响极其敏感的小尺度县域来讲,更加能够揭示其生态系统服务价值的动态变化机制和效应。

Ecosystem services value change in Qinglong County from dynamically adjusted value coefficients

Ecosystem services value is changing with the change in natural and economic conditions. This paper adjusted the "unit area of ecosystem services value of China's terrestrial ecosystem" put forward by Xie Gaodi et al from national scale to county scale. Then vegetation net primary productivity (NPP) was used to form functional adjustment factor, and adjustment factor of ability to pay and adjustment factor of willingness to pay used to calculate economic adjustment factor to adjust the above results. The paper then constructed a dynamic evaluation model for ecosystem services value and calculated dynamic changes in each ecosystem service value coefficient (value per unit area) in Qinglong County for 2003-2012. Finally, the paper evaluated ecosystem services value for the recent decade, revealed the principles of dynamic change in terrestrial ecosystem at county scale. The functional adjustment factors of forest land and garden plot were set as 1.032 and 0.903, respectively, due to they were the main land use types of biological productivity. Other land use types were without functional adjustment factors. Calculation results indicated that functional adjustment improved distinction degree of vegetation types of different coverages by amending equivalent factor value with functional factor of ecosystem services. The adjustment factor of ability to pay was ratio of GDP per person of Qinglong County to national mean GDP per person, while adjustment factor of willingness to pay was calculated with Engel Coefficient. The combination of the adjustment factors of ability to pay and willingness to pay (economic adjustment factor) fluctuated in an upward trend in time. The study results showed that each ecosystem service value coefficient fluctuated with an improving trend for different land use types in Qinglong County in 2003 2012. The ecosystem services value improved by 4.443 billion Yuan in the decade, at an average annual rate of 3.78%. Compared with previous static evaluation model, the results were more favorable, especially for small-scale counties that are extremely sensitive to economic policy. The analysis also revealed the mechanism of dynamic changes in ecosystem services value with better effects.