基于GIS的喀斯特地区土地利用景观空间格局研究——以广西壮族自治区河池市为例

本研究以1999/2000年的Landsat-TM遥感影像为基础数据,利用GIS技术,对广西河池市土地利用景观进行了遥感解译与制图,在此基础上运用景观类型指标(如斑块数、斑块面积、平均斑块面积等)和景观格局指标(如类型多样性指数、景观优势度、景观均匀度、景观破碎度、景观分维数等)对研究区土地利用的空间格局进行定量分析,并运用洛伦兹曲线分析了土地利用的聚集程度。研究结果表明,2000年河池市土地利用景观类型以林地为主,其次为草地、耕地、水域和城镇及建设用地,分别占土地利用总面积的72.62%、14.07%、11.93%、0.88%和0.51%。2000年该市土地利用景观的多样性指数为1.70,景观破碎度指数为1.18,分维数为1.43。土地利用类型多样复杂,景观破碎度较高,连通性差,容易受到外界的干扰,尤其是人类活动对土地利用的影响,使得原本脆弱的生态环境极易遭到破坏而日益恶化。研究该地土地利用景观空间格局可以为可持续开发利用土地及土地管理与设计提供依据,并为研究土地利用空间格局的演化打下基础。

A GIS based analysis of landscape spatial patterns and land use in Karst regions-A case study of Hechi City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Rigion

Based on Landast-TM remote sensing image of 1999/2000,this article utilized GIS technique to interpret and draw a remote sensing map of Hechi City.Landscape type index(such as number of patches,area of patches,average area of patches,etc.)and landscape index(such as diversity,predominance,evenness,fragmentation,etc.)were used to quantitatively analyse landscape spatial patterns and land use in the study area,and Lorenz curves used to analyze land use collectivity in Hechi City.Results show forest land to be the main land use type in Hechi City in 2000,followed by grass land,farm land,water body,and township and village constructions in that order.Spatial analyses of landscape in the study area reveal that landscape types are both multi-fold and complex.The environment tends to be destroyed by outer disturbances,especially unreasonable human activities.The research results offer a strong basis for sustainable development,utilization,management and design of land resources.It equally lays the foundation for studying the processes of spatial landscape patterns of land use.