渭干河流域生态系统服务的支付意愿及影响因素分析

生态系统服务价值的计算是生态补偿的关键问题,是生态经济学研究的热点。本文以塔里木河流域九大水系之一的渭干河流域为靶区,采用条件价值评估方法(contingent valuation method,CVM),通过调查流域居民的支付意愿来反映该区域的生态系统服务价值,并运用皮尔逊相关系数和多元线性回归方法对支付意愿与社会经济变量之间关系进行分析。结果表明:1)渭干河流域居民每户每年的平均支付意愿为96.22元,该结果与国外及国内东部地区流域的研究成果相比偏低,与国内西北地区流域的研究结果接近。渭干河流域生态系统服务价值为2 443.46万元。2)渭干河流域居民的支付意愿与收入水平、受教育程度、对生态环境重要性的认知水平及户籍等因素显著正相关,与支付方式负相关,与性别和年龄的相关性不显著,各因素在流域上下游间表现出差异性。3)社会经济因素中,收入水平对支付意愿的影响程度最大,标准化系数达到0.604,其次是对生态环境重要性认知及支付方式,受教育程度对居民支付意愿的影响相对较小。4)CVM方法在相近区域的研究结果接近,与运用遥感手段及相应方法计算结果一致;不同方法计算的生态系统服务价值差距甚大,同时就多元回归方法存在的共线性问题及解决方法进行了分析讨论。研究丰富了条件价值评估方法在干旱区内陆河流域少数民族地区的应用,为流域生态补偿标准的制订提供科学依据。

Willingness to pay for ecosystem services and influencing factors inWeigan River Basin

Ecosystem service value (ESV) calculation is a focus of ecological economics and is key in ecological compensation. Contingent valuation method (CVM) was used to measure ecosystem service value in Weigan River Basin, one of nine branches of Tarim River Basin and the largest inland river in arid China, in terms of the willingness to pay (WTP). Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple linear regressions were used to analyze relations between socio-economic variables and WTP. The results indicated that: 1) mean value of WTP for ecosystem services in Weigan River Basin was 96.22 Yuan per household per annum. While this was lower than that in river basins in East China and other countries, it was close to that in river basins in Northwest China. Residents' chosen WTP was 110.87~157.58 Yuan and 55.8~102.37 Yuan per household per annum in the up and down stream regions of the basin, respectively. Total annual value of ecosystem services in the basin was 24.43 million Yuan. 2) Residents' chosen WTP was positively correlated with income level, education level, household registration and cognitive level of importance of ecological environment. It was, however, negatively correlated with payment. Gender and age did not obvious influence residents' chosen WTP. Residents' chosen WTP in towns was higher than that in rural area, but not in upstream. Relationship between WTP and the influencing factors was different for upstream and downstream regions. 3) The most critical WTP factor was income level (with a standardized coefficient of 0.604), followed by household cognitive level, payment and the education level. Effective options were advanced to improve watershed residents' WTP, including addressing poverty of local residents, strengthening publicity of the importance of ecological environment, enhancing residents' education level and selecting appropriate payments that took into account residents with different household registrations and regions. 4) CVM results were similar for similar regions, and consistent with the results obtained by remote sensing methods. Ecosystem service values calculated by different methods were different in the same basin. The study presented problems and solutions of multiple co-linearity analysis in multiple regressions. The study enriched CVM application in minority areas in arid inland river basins. The results were important justification for appropriate adjustments in payments for ecological services.