微生物有机肥对烤烟育苗、产量和品质的影响

针对甘肃陇东烤烟生产中存在的品质较差以及病毒病严重等问题, 于2008年通过田间试验研究微生物有机肥对烤烟育苗、产量和品质的影响。试验结果表明: (1)苗床期施用微生物有机肥有助于培育壮苗, 成苗速度快, 叶片数提前达到移栽标准, 最大叶干重和地上部干重分别比对照增加41.9%和90.1%; 总根长、比根长和根尖数分别比对照增加151.5%、25.8%和286.0%, 根系干重增加1倍; 苗床土中可培养微生物活菌数增加, 放线菌数比对照多194.7%。(2)大田移栽时再次穴施微生物有机肥极大地提高了烤烟的产量和经济效益, 改善了烟叶的品质。微生物有机肥处理的产量和产值分别比对照增加23.2%和46.5%, 中上等烟比例增加16%, 纯收入增加12 363 元·hm^-2; 烟叶的钾、总氮、烟碱、蛋白质和糖含量以及施木克值等主要品质指标接近优质烤烟的适宜值, 中下部叶的钾含量达到3%以上。

Effect of microbial organic fertilizer on seedling growth, yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco

Low quality and severe virus disease limit flue-cured tobacco production in the Loess Plateau of East Gansu Province. The effects of microbial organic fertilizer on tobacco growth, yield, quality and soil micro-organism were determined in a field trial. The field trial involved nursery and transplanted field cultivation where the effects of microbial organic fertilizer on local flue-cured tobacco production were investigated. Results showed that application of microbial organic fertilizer (T2) in nurseries significantly promoted tobacco growth and soil micro-organism population, which strengthened seeding vitality. Compared with T1 (chemical fertilizer), dry weight of max leaf and shoot increased respectively by 41.9% and 90.1% in T2. Total root length, specific root length, root dry weight and root tip number also increased by 151.5%, 25.8%, 100.0% and 286.0% in T2. Micro-organism count in T2 nursery soils increased. Specifically, actinomyce numbers rose significantly by 194.7% in T2 over T1, increasing disease resistance. Furthermore, T2 significantly promoted yield, quality and economic benefits of flue-cured tobacco in transplanted fields. Yield, economic benefit and net income increased respectively by 23.2%, 46.5% and 12 363 Yuan·hm^-2 in T2 over T1. Mid-high grade leaf ratio also increased by 16%. Main chemical components such as K, total N, nicotine, protein, sugar and schmuck were in the range of high-quality tobacco. Specifically, Middle-lower part leaf K content exceeded 3%, which signified high quality tobacco.