冬小麦新品种"科农199"选育和推广

以"科农9204"为父本、"石4185"为母本进行杂交, 经单株选择和系统选育, 培育出高产稳产小麦品种"科农199"。该品种中早熟, 株型紧凑, 株高75~80 cm, 穗纺锤型、短芒, 灌浆快, 落黄好。籽粒角质、饱满, 千粒重40~42 g; "科农199"根系发达, 生育后期根系活力强, 具有较强的吸收深层土壤水分养分的能力;该品种适应性强, 产量稳定性好, 抗逆性强。在黄淮北片国家冬小麦区域试验中连续两年产量居第1 位, 比对照品种"石4185" 极显著增产, 于2006 年通过国家品种审定。目前, "科农199"已在河北、河南、山东和山西等省累计推广种植130 万公顷, 成为黄淮冬麦区北片的主栽品种之一。

Development of "Kn199" new winter wheat variety and its cultivation in China

Secale cereal and Thinopyrum elongatum have been successfully applied in wheat genetic improvement in North China. By crossing "Kn9204" (a 1RS/1BL translocated and derivative of wheat-Thinopyrum ponticum partial amphiploid) with "Shi4185", a new variety (named "Kn199") with a high and stable grain output had been developed and approved by the National Crop Variety Approval Committee (NCVAC) in 2006. "Kn199" was an early-maturing variety, with compact plant form, 75~80 cm plant height, spindle spike and short awn. Its grain filing time was short. The grains were plumping with 40~42 g of 1000-grain weight. The yield "Kn199" was significantly higher than that of the control variety "Shi4185". Because of developed root system, and higher root activity at later growth stage, "Kn199" could absorb water and nutrient more efficiently even those in deep soil. The cultivation showed that the variety was adaptable to a large range of environments and resistant to adversity with a stably high yield. The release of "Kn199" had seen a rapid propagate of the wheat variety. "Kn199" had now become one of the major varieties in the northern region of the Huang-Huai Winter Wheat Production Base, including southern and central Hebei, Shandong, northern Henan and southern Shanxi.