栾城县域精准种植运行体系建设与模式示范

太行山前平原是华北平原的重要组成部分和典型农业高产区, 农业集约化程度较高, 是我国重要的商品粮生产基地。随着农业和社会经济的发展, 水资源严重匮乏, 地下水超采严重, 农田面源污染日益加剧等问题, 严重影响了该区域农业的可持续发展。精准农业是未来农业发展的重要方向和必然选择。在农业生产以农户单元为主体的我国现实情况下, 选择县域精准种植模式是有益的尝试和探索。选择农田管理有代表性的河北省栾城县作为示范区, 进行精准农业技术的试验与运行实施模式的示范。在县域尺度上通过划分公里网格的方法建立GPS 定位的县域精准种植观测网, 确定288 个有效采样点, 在中心示范区尺度按20 m×20 m网格对耕层和亚耕层确定采样点, 进行农田基本数据调查和空间变异分析。通过优化管理网络咨询平台组装县域尺度的优化施肥模式, 并根据区域特点建立多种节水种植模式进行推广。在大田尺度和温室大棚示范智控半变量节水灌溉系统, 实现经济效益和环境效益的增长。推广示范用于小麦的智能精准收获系统, 为区域精准农业的发展提供示范样板。县域精准农业技术研究与示范工作, 为未来区域性精准农业的全面实施进行了技术尝试, 提供了示范样板。

Operation and demonstration of precision planting in Luancheng County

The Piedmont Plain of Mount Taihang is a typical high-yield agro-region in the North China Plain (NCP) with a relatively strong intensive agricultural activity. It is therefore one of the most important grain-production bases in China. With rapid agricultural and socio-economic development, severe water shortages due to groundwater over-exploitation and increasing agricultural non-point source pollution due to intensive application agro-chemicals/fertilizers gravely threaten sustainable agricultural development in the region. Precision agriculture is therefore an inevitable choice of direction for future agricultural development in the region. The agricultural production in China is characterized as peasant household unit production, so, it is critical to experiment and explore precise planting at county level. Luancheng County, Hebei Province was chosen as a demonstration area, where precision agriculture technology demonstration and operational implementation were designed. The observation network in the county established by GPS precise positioning had a spatial resolution of 1 km × 1 km with an effective sample area containing 288 points. The resolution of sample points in the core demonstration area was further reduced to 20 m × 20 m. At the county and demonstration area scales, agricultural research and basic data analysis that sufficiently reflected spatial variability were conducted. Optimized management network and consulting platform assembly were used to enhance fertilization at county level and to establish regional characteristics of water-saving cropping patterns in the region. Two demonstration modes (i.e., field and greenhouse semi-intelligent control and variable water-saving irrigation systems) provided sufficient economic and environmental benefits of crop cultivation in the region. These modes were recommended for the promotion of accurate wheat cultivation intelligent systems as part of the broader development of regional precision agriculture demonstration models. Hence precision agriculture technology research and demonstration in Luancheng County had provided a technological demonstration model, which was a useful practice for the full implementation future precision agriculture models in the region.