低海拔和高海拔产区气象因子对‘美乐’葡萄浆果 品质和代谢组的影响

为明确低海拔(41 m)和高海拔(2 343 m)‘美乐’葡萄产区浆果代谢组和品质的差异和成因,试验采用GPRS-Base系统气象站监测低海拔和高海拔‘美乐’葡萄产区的气象因子,采用气相色谱/飞行时间质谱(GC/TOF-MS)技术解析低海拔和高海拔产区‘美乐’浆果代谢组的差异,并测定了不同海拔‘美乐’葡萄浆果的可溶性固形物含量、p H、总酸含量、还原糖、花青素、总酚、单宁、黄酮、类黄酮和蛋白质的含量。结果表明,高海拔‘美乐’葡萄产区平均日照时数、生育期总辐射、日均辐射、日均温差、日均温度、生长时期有效积温等气象因子均高于低海拔‘美乐’葡萄产区;与低海拔产区相比,高海拔产区的‘美乐’葡萄浆果的可溶性固形物、单宁和还原糖含量增加,总酚和花青素含量减少。代谢通路分析表明:高海拔产区的葡萄浆果积累更多的氨基酸、有机酸、醇、多酚、糖类等物质。代谢通路富集表明:高海拔产区改变了葡萄浆果8条氨基酸代谢、4条碳水化合物、3条脂质代谢和3条氮代谢通路。去趋势化对应分析表明:‘美乐’葡萄园中的气象因子如日均日照时数、生长时期总辐射、日均辐射、温差、日均温度、生长时期有效积温是驱动‘美乐’浆果代谢物积累的主要因子。高海拔和低海拔区域气象因子的差异是‘美乐’葡萄浆果代谢物差异的重要驱动力,高海拔区‘美乐’葡萄浆果通过代谢物和代谢通路的多样性策略来适应高海拔环境,提高浆果的品质。

Responseof‘Merlot’grapeberryqualityandmetabolometometeorologicalfactorsatbothlowandhighaltitudes

Toillustratetheadaptabilityandqualitycharacteristicsof‘Merlot’grapeberriesinhighaltitudeproductionareas,themetabolitescontentsandmetabolomicsof‘Merlot’grapeberrieswereanalyzedinrelationtometeorologicalfactorsatlow(41m)andhigh(2343m)altitudewine-producingareas.Inthisinvestigation,meteorologicalfactorsatlow/high-altitudeofwine-producing areas were monitored by GPRS-based system. The pH and contents of soluble solids, total acid content,reducingsugars,anthocyanin,totalphenol,tannin,flavonoid,flavoneandproteinsof‘Merlot’grapeberriesweredetermined.Furthermore, GC/TOF-MS technique was used to analyze the difference in metabolome of ‘Merlot’ grape berries betweendifferent altitudes. The results showed that average daily sunshine duration, total radiation during grapes growth period,averagedailyradiation,averagedailytemperaturedifference,averagedailytemperatureandeffectivecumulativetemperatureduringgrowthperiodwerehigherinhigh-altitudethanthoseinlow-altituderegions.Thecontentsofsolublesolid,tanninandreducing sugars of ‘Merlot’ grape berries increased, while the contents of total phenols and anthocyanin decreased inhigh-altitude wine-producing area, compared with those in low-altitude wine-producing area. Metabolic pathway analysisindicated that ‘Merlot’ grape berries in high-altitude wine-producing area accumulated more amino acids, organic acids,alcohols,polyphenolsandsugarsthanthoseinlow-altitudewine-producingarea.Metabolicpathwayenrichmentanalysisshowedthat 8 amino acid metabolome pathways, 4 carbohydrate metabolome pathways, 3 lipid metabolome pathways and 3 nitrogenmetabolomepathwaysof‘Merlot’grapeberrieswereregulatedinhigh-altituderegion.DCCA(DetrendedCanonicalCorrespondenceAnalysis)indicatedthataveragedailysunshineduration, totalradiation, average daily radiation,averagedailytemperaturedifference,averagedailytemperatureandeffectivecumulativetemperatureduringgrowthperiodwerethedrivingfactorsof‘Merlot’ berries quality and metabolites. In conclusion, climatic factors were the main driving factors inducing metabolitedifferencesbetween‘Merlot’grapesberriesgrowinginlow-andhigh-altituderegions.Thus,toadjustmetabolitesprofilesandmetabolicpathwayswasakindofstrategiesof‘Merlot’grapesforadaptingtohighaltitudeecologicalenvironments.