基于不同方法测定土壤酸性磷酸酶活性的比较

土壤酸性磷酸酶与有机磷的矿化及植物的磷素营养关系最为密切。目前国内学者在测定酸性磷酸酶活性时主要参照关松荫《土壤酶及其研究法》中以磷酸苯二钠为基质的测定方法,而国外学者主要参照Dick《Methods of Soil Enzymology》中以对硝基苯磷酸二钠为基质的测定方法(PNPP)。但是,在以磷酸苯二钠为基质测定生成物的过程中,常出现显色程度不明显的问题;另外,采用不同基质测定酸性磷酸酶活性也造成了测定方法选择的困难。为合理选择土壤酸性磷酸酶活性的测定方法,本研究选用酸性、中性和碱性土壤各10个土样,分别采用以磷酸苯二钠为基质,且在显色阶段分别加入pH5.0醋酸盐缓冲液(DPP 1)和pH9.4硼酸盐缓冲液(DPP 2)的方法,以及PNPP方法测定土壤酸性磷酸酶活性。同时也研究了不同pH缓冲液和苯酚浓度对生成物显色反应的影响。结果表明:以磷酸苯二钠为基质、在显色反应阶段加入pH≤6的缓冲液时,苯酚和2,6-二溴苯醌氯亚胺不显色;当加入pH≥8的缓冲液时,两者之间显色且苯酚浓度和吸光值的Pearson相关系数极显著。这说明pH低是导致高苯酚浓度和2,6-二溴苯醌氯亚胺显色效果差的一个主要原因。此外,采用PNPP方法测定时,在酸性、中性和碱性土壤中,10个样本酸性磷酸酶活性的变异系数分别较DPP 2增加了70.04%、42.44%和21.17%;极差分别是DPP 2的27.18倍、26.85倍和39.43倍。总之,如果选用磷酸苯二钠为基质测定土壤酸性磷酸酶活性,应在显色阶段加入碱性硼酸盐缓冲液;选用对硝基苯磷酸二钠为基质,是更为简单和灵敏的方法。

Comparison of soil acid phosphatase activity determined by different methods

Soil phosphatase, especially acid phosphatase, plays a critical role in the decomposition of organic phosphorus and has a major impact on plant phosphorus uptake. Most Chinese researchers refer to the book entitled Soil Enzyme and Its Research Method, edited by Songyin Guan, for measurement method of soil acid phosphatase activity based on phenyl phosphate disodium salt substrate. In contrast, researchers outside China mainly cite the book entitled Methods of Soil Enzymology, edited by Dick, that was based on disodium p-Nitrophenyl phosphate tetrahydrate (PNPP) substrate. However, non-conspicuous coloration has existed for the measurement of products based on phenyl phosphate disodium salt substrate. Furthermore, it has been difficult for researchers to select an optimal method for determining acid phosphatase activity since these methods use different substrates. To determine the optimal method for measuring soil acid phosphatase activity, three different methods were used to measure the acid phosphatase activity of 10 soil samples of acid, neutral and alkaline soils, respectively. The three selected methods were 1) based on phenyl phosphate disodium salt substrate and colored using pH 5.0 acetate buffer (DPP 1);2) based on phenyl phosphate disodium salt substrate and colored using pH 9.4 borate buffer (DPP 2) during chromogenic process;or 3) the PNPP method. Furthermore, the study analyzed the effects of different pH buffers and phenol concentrations on product absorbance. The results showed that chromogenic reaction of phenol with 2,6-dibromchinone-chlorimide was colorless within pH≤6 buffer solution with phenyl phosphate disodium salt as the substrate. In contrast, the above chromogenic reaction was observed under alkaline buffer (pH≥ 8) in all the samples. And there were significant differences in the Pearson correlation coefficient (R2) between phenol concentration and product absorbance at 0.01 level. Therefore, pH was a significant factor in determining the coloration between phenol and 2,6-dibromchinone-chlorimide. Furthermore, when acid phosphatase activity was determined using the PNPP method, the coefficient of variation of acid phosphatase activities in the 10 soil samples increased by 70.04%, 42.44%and 21.17%in acid, neutral and alkaline soils, respectively, which was in sharp contrast to those determined using the DPP 2 method. The range of soil acid phosphatase activities determined by the PNPP method was 27.18, 26.85 and 39.43 times larger than those determined by the DPP 2 method in acid, neutral and alkaline soils, respectively. These results suggested that regardless of soil acidity, PNPP was an easier and more sensitive method than DPP 2 for the estimation of soil acid phosphatase activity. In addition, if phenyl phosphate disodium salt was used as substrate in an assay, alkaline borate was the most suitable buffer for coloration reaction systems.