铜锌镍锰赋存形态的土体变化特征研究

本文用逐步连续分级法研究了砂姜黑土中铜锌镍锰的化学形态在土壤剖面中的变化特征以及耕作措施等对其的影响力。结果表明，砂姜黑土中代换态、有机态和无定形铁结合态铜锌镍锰的相对含量随剖面深度增加而降低；氧化锰态和残留态则随剖面加深而提高；碳酸盐结合态因元素种类和耕种方式而异，抑或增加抑或降低；晶形氧化铁态可以分成两类，铜镍变化不很明显，锌锰随剖面深度增加而增加。早耕熟化尤其是水旱轮作后，土壤中铜锌镍锰由植物无效的残留态或者有效性较低的晶形铁态（锌和锰）向有效性较高的代换态、有机态和无定形铁态转化，从而提高了土壤中铜锌镍锰的可移动性和有效性.

On Variation of the Distribution and Forms of Cu,Zn,Ni,and Mn in Soil Profile

Variations of the forms of Cu,Zn,Ni and Mn in calcic concretion black soil profile and farming practices on its effects were studied by using a seven-step sequential extraction procedure.The results showed that relative amounts of exchangeble,organic bound and amorphous iron oxide bound Cu,Zn,Ni and Mu decreased and of manganese oxide bound and residual Cu,Zn,Ni and Mu increased with the deepenning of the soil profile.The distribution of relative amounts of carbonate bound Zn,Cu,Ni and Nu in the soil profile was not consistent,some increased and some decreased with the deepenning of the soil profile,and were also affected by farming practices.Crystalline iron oxide bound Cu,Zn,Ni and Mu could be divided into two types,relative amounts of Cu and Ni were comparative stable,however the Zn and Mu were remarkably changeable.Cultivation and rotation of rice and upland farming enable the less available fractions of those microelements transformed into more available fractions to crops.