基于ESI模型的经济发展对生态环境压力定量评价

生态环境压力指数(ESI)法是评价区域经济发展对生态环境压力的一种定量模型。本研究采用改进的ESI模型,对2000—2010年吉林省社会经济发展对生态环境构成的压力特点及变化趋势进行时间序列分析,并对吉林省各主要城市2010年的生态环境压力状态进行空间序列分析,以期为吉林省生态环境保护与相关产业结构调整提供科学依据。评价结果表明:2000—2010年,随着经济发展,吉林省的生态环境压力处于不断增加的趋势,尤其2005年的生态环境压力增幅明显。并且2008年以来压力构成从生态环境污染型转变为资源能源消耗型。2010年的压力空间分布特征为:以长春市、吉林市为代表的吉林省中部地区由经济发展带来的生态环境压力最大,东部地区较小,西部地区最小。长春、四平、松原、辽源、白城为资源能源消耗型压力,吉林、通化、白山、延边为生态环境污染型压力。

Quantitative assessment of stress of economic development to environment using ecological stress index

Eco-environmental Stress Index (ESI) is a quantitative indicator for assessing the stress of economic development on ecological environment. The user-friendly method is easy to operate and can be used to evaluate the pressure on ecological environment in space and time. This study upgraded the index construction systems and regional pressure characterization of the ESI method to analyze the trend in stress of economic development to eco-environment in Jilin Province for the period 2000 2010 and to characterize the eco-environmental stress in every city in Jilin Province for 2010. The study provided the scientific basis for the protection of ecological environment and adjustment of industrial structures in Jilin Province. The main results were as follows: 1) With economic development in Jilin Province, eco-environment stress increased. This was especially noted in 2005, when there was an obvious increase in ESI. This trend was mainly driven by significant increases in annual energy consumption, industrial waste gas emission, industrial waste water emission, sulfur dioxide emission and industrial dust emission. 2) Since 2008, eco-environmental stress in Jilin Province changed from environmental pollution (EP) to resource-energy consumption (REC). This was due primarily to industrial dust emission and drastic reduction in agricultural fertilizer. 3) In terms of spatial distribution of eco-environmental stress in Jilin Province, Changchun City, Jilin City and the central region of the province were under high eco-environmental stress while the eastern region of the province was under low stress, with the least stress in the western region of the province. 4) Resources and energy consumption stress in Changchun City, Siping City, Songyuan City, Liaoyuan City and Baicheng City was high, while environmental pollution stress was high in Jilin City, Tonghua City, Baishan City and Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture. The results suggested that Jilin Province needed to adjust its industrial structure, increase energy utilization efficiency, adopt green GDP accounting system, strengthen supervision and improve eco-environment pressure.