基于农户感知的生态补偿效应分析*--以黑河中游张掖市为例

生态补偿作为一种将外在的、非市场环境价值转化为当地参与者提供生态系统服务的财政激励机制引起了世界关注。本文以黑河中游张掖市为研究区,以退耕还林工程为例,基于农户调查资料,采用模糊综合评价方法评价了农户感知到的生态补偿的社会效应、经济效应和生态效应,并采用最小二乘法分析影响农户对生态补偿效应感知的因素。结果表明:农户感知到的生态补偿效应指数达3.02。其中农户感知到生态补偿的生态效应最高,效应指数为3.11,生态补偿的社会效应次之,效应指数为3.06,经济效应最低,效应指数仅为2.55。这充分说明,生态补偿的实施实现了改善当地生态环境的主要目标,然后是缓解贫困、促进就业、发展经济等副目标。户主受教育程度、农户生计方式、年收入均与其感知到的生态补偿社会效应、经济效应、生态效应呈正相关,而户主年龄与其感知到的生态补偿效应均呈负相关。此外,农户的社会地位对其感知到的生态效应有显著影响。感知社会效应的因素中,户主受教育程度对社会效应感知的影响程度最大,相关系数达1.067,其次是农户生计方式,户主年龄对社会效应感知的影响相对较小;感知生态补偿经济效应的因素中,户主受教育程度对经济效应感知的影响程度最大,相关系数达1.073,其次是农户年收入和农户生计方式,户主年龄对经济效应感知的影响相对较小;感知生态补偿生态效应的因素中,户主受教育程度对生态效应感知的影响最大,相关系数达2.612,其次是农户生计方式,农户社会地位对其影响相对较小。

Effect of farmers' perception on ecological compensation-A case study of Zhangye Prefecture in the Heihe River Basin

As an outer financial incentive mechanism for transforming non-marketing environment value to local participants by providing ecosystem services, ecological compensation and the related ecological effects and sustainability have attracted considerable global effort. There has therefore been the expressed need to fully and objectively evaluate the effects of ecological compensation. As improving ecological and environmental systems has remained the core effort of conversion of farmlands into forestlands in China, this study used the farmland conversion into forestland project to survey farmers in Zhangye Prefecture of the Heihe River Basin. As evaluation studies were often limited by various uncertainties under fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, peasants' perception on ecological compensations in terms of social, economic and ecological effects was used to effectively and quantitatively analyze ecological compensation. The effect of farmers' perception on ecological compensation was obtained using the least squares method. The study showed that the index of farmers' perception on ecological compensation was 3.02. Among the ecological compensation effects, the index for ecological effect was highest (3.11), followed by that for social effect (3.06), while the index for economic effect was lowest (2.55). This suggested that ecological compensation improved the local ecological environment, alleviated poverty, increased employment opportunities, promoted economic development, etc. While farmers' educational level, living conditions and annual income were positively correlated with social, economic and ecological effects of ecological compensation perceived by farmers, farmers' age was negatively correlated with these factors. In addition, farmer's social status had a significant impact on their perceived ecological effects. Among the factors of perceived social effects, farmers' educational level contributed the most to farmers' social perception, with a correlation coefficient of 1.067. This was followed by farmers' living conditions, while farmers' age least influenced farmers' social perception. Among the factors of perceived economic effect, farmers' educational level contributed the most to farmers' economic perception, with a correlation coefficient of 1.073. This was followed by farmers living conditions and annual income, while farmers' age least influenced farmers' economic perception. Among the factors of perceived ecological effect, farmers' educational level contributed the most to farmers' ecological perception, with a correlation coefficient of 2.612. This was followed by farmers living conditions, while farmers' social status least influenced farmers' ecological perception.