连续5年施菜籽饼肥和稻草覆盖对茶园土壤生态系统的影响

在长沙县百里茶廊连续进行5年的定位试验,研究施菜籽饼肥结合稻草覆盖对丘陵茶园土壤生态系统的影响。结果表明,施菜籽饼肥加稻草覆盖处理(TI)茶园土壤pH、有机质含量、全氮含量、有效磷含量均显著高于纯施化肥处理(T3),0～40cm土层土壤容重显著低于T3处理,0～60cm土层土壤水分含量、0～20cm土层蚯蚓数量和生物量、氨基化细菌、好气性自生固氮菌、嫌气性自生固氮菌、放线菌、真菌和细菌等微生物数量均显著高于T3处理。施菜籽饼肥结合稻草覆盖可显著改善丘陵茶园土壤生态功能,菜籽饼化肥配施结合稻草覆盖(T2)也一定程度改善了土壤生态系统,长期不施肥使茶园土壤养分贮存量全面下降。

Effect of 5-year rapeseed cake fertilization and straw mulching on tea plantation soil ecosystem

In the Baili Tea Gallery of Changsha County, field experimentation for five years was conducted to explore the impacts of rapeseed cake fertilization and straw mulching on the soil ecosystem of hilly tea plantations. The results show that soil pH, organic matter content, total N content and available P content are all higher under rapeseed cake with straw mulching (T1) than those under inorganic fertilizers (T3) alone. While soil bulk density in the 0~40 cm soil profile drops significantly, water content in the 0~60 cm soil profile, quantity and biomass of earthworm, amounts of microorganisms such as amino bacteria, aerobic in-situ nitrogen-fixing bacteria, anaerobic in-situ nitrogen-fixing bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi and bacteria in the 0~20 cm soil profile significantly increase in T1 than in T3. Rapeseed cake fertilization in conjunction with straw mulching significantly improves soil ecological functions in hilly tea plantations. Combined rapeseed cake and chemical fertilizer along with straw mulching (T2) to some extent improves soil ecosystem. Zero long-term fertilization results in overall decline in soil nutrient stock in tea plantations.